Introduction

Note
Go here for documentation for APOC for Neo4j version 3.0.x 3.1.x 3.2.x
apoc

Neo4j 3.0 introduced the concept of user defined procedures. Those are custom implementations of certain functionality, that can’t be (easily) expressed in Cypher itself. Those procedures are implemented in Java and can be easily deployed into your Neo4j instance, and then be called from Cypher directly.

The APOC library consists of many (about 300) procedures to help with many different tasks in areas like data integration, graph algorithms or data conversion.

License

Apache License 2.0

"APOC" Name history

Apoc was the technician and driver on board of the Nebuchadnezzar in the Matrix movie. He was killed by Cypher.

APOC was also the first bundled A Package Of Components for Neo4j in 2009.

APOC also stands for "Awesome Procedures On Cypher"

Installation

Download latest release

Go to http://github.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/releases/3.1.3.9 to find the latest release and download the binary jar to place into your $NEO4J_HOME/plugins folder.

Note
For Neo4j Desktop the plugins directory is in a different place, put the jar-file into these (make sure to replace all at upgrade). See the Neo4j Manual for more detail about the install locations.
  • OSX: /Applications/Neo4j\ Community\ Edition\ <version>.app/Contents/Resources/app/plugins AND /Users/<user>/Documents/Neo4j/default.graphdb/plugins

  • Windows: C:\Program Files\Neo4j CE <version>\plugins

Version Compatibility Matrix

Since APOC relies in some places on Neo4j’s internal APIs you need to use the right APOC version for your Neo4j installaton.

Any version to be released after 1.1.0 will use a different, consistent versioning scheme: <neo4j-version>.<apoc> version. The trailing <apoc> part of the version number will be incremented with every apoc release.

apoc version

neo4j version

3.2.0.4

3.2.2 (3.2.x)

3.2.0.3

3.2.0

3.1.3.8

3.1.5 (3.1.x)

3.1.3.7

3.1.4

3.1.2.5

3.1.2

3.1.0.4

3.1.0-3.1.1

3.0.8.6

3.0.5-3.0.9 (3.0.x)

3.0.4.3

3.0.4

1.1.0

3.0.0 - 3.0.3

1.0.0

3.0.0 - 3.0.3

Get APOC Version

To know your current apoc version you can use the Function :

RETURN apoc.version()

using APOC with Neo4j Docker image

The Neo4j Docker image allows to supply a volume for the /plugins folder. Download the APOC release fitting your Neo4j version to local folder plugins and provide it as a data volume:

mkdir plugins
pushd plugins
wget https://github.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/releases/download/3.1.3.9/apoc-3.1.3.9-all.jar
popd
docker run --rm -e NEO4J_AUTH=none -p 7474:7474 -v $PWD/plugins:/plugins -p 7687:7687 neo4j:3.1.6

Build & install the current development branch from source

git clone http://github.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures
./gradlew shadow
cp build/libs/apoc-<version>-SNAPSHOT-all.jar $NEO4J_HOME/plugins/
$NEO4J_HOME/bin/neo4j restart

A full build including running the tests can be run by ./gradlew build.

Calling Procedures & Functions within Cypher

User defined Functions can be used in any expression or predicate, just like built-in functions.

Procedures can be called stand-alone with CALL procedure.name();

But you can also integrate them into your Cypher statements which makes them so much more powerful.

Load JSON example
WITH 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/person.json' AS url

CALL apoc.load.json(url) YIELD value as person

MERGE (p:Person {name:person.name})
   ON CREATE SET p.age = person.age, p.children = size(person.children)

Procedure & Function Signatures

To call procedures correctly, you need to know their parameter names, types and positions. And for YIELDing their results, you have to know the output column names and types.

INFO: The signatures are shown in error messages, if you use a procedure incorrectly.

You can see the procedures signature in the output of CALL apoc.help("name") (which itself uses CALL dbms.procedures() and CALL dbms.functions())

CALL apoc.help("dijkstra")

The signature is always name : : TYPE, so in this case:

apoc.algo.dijkstra
 (startNode :: NODE?, endNode :: NODE?,
   relationshipTypesAndDirections :: STRING?, weightPropertyName :: STRING?)
:: (path :: PATH?, weight :: FLOAT?)
Table 1. Parameter Explanation
Name Type

Procedure Parameters

startNode

Node

endNode

Node

relationshipTypesAndDirections

String

weightPropertyName

String

Output Return Columns

path

Path

weight

Float

Help and Usage

apoc help apoc

call apoc.help('search')

lists name, description-text and if the procedure performs writes, search string is checked against beginning (package) or end (name) of procedure

helpful
CALL apoc.help("apoc") YIELD name, text
WITH * WHERE text IS null
RETURN name AS undocumented

To generate the help output, apoc utilizes the built in dbms.procedures() and dbms.functions() utilities.

Overview of APOC Procedures & Functions

type qualified name description

procedure

apoc.periodic.list

apoc.periodic.list - list all jobs

procedure

apoc.periodic.commit

apoc.periodic.commit(statement,params) - runs the given statement in separate transactions until it returns 0

procedure

apoc.periodic.cancel

apoc.periodic.cancel(name) - cancel job with the given name

procedure

apoc.periodic.submit

apoc.periodic.submit('name',statement) - submit a one-off background statement

procedure

apoc.periodic.repeat

apoc.periodic.repeat('name',statement,repeat-rate-in-seconds) submit a repeatedly-called background statement

procedure

apoc.periodic.countdown

apoc.periodic.countdown('name',statement,repeat-rate-in-seconds) submit a repeatedly-called background statement until it returns 0

procedure

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll_while

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll_while('some cypher for knowing when to stop', 'some cypher for iteration', 'some cypher as action on each iteration', 10000) YIELD batches, total - run the action statement in batches over the iterator statement’s results in a separate thread. Returns number of batches and total processed rows

procedure

apoc.periodic.iterate

apoc.periodic.iterate('statement returning items', 'statement per item', {batchSize:1000,iterateList:false,parallel:true}) YIELD batches, total - run the second statement for each item returned by the first statement. Returns number of batches and total processed rows

procedure

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll('some cypher for iteration', 'some cypher as action on each iteration', 10000) YIELD batches, total - run the action statement in batches over the iterator statement’s results in a separate thread. Returns number of batches and total processed rows

procedure

apoc.cluster.graph

procedure

apoc.monitor.locks

apoc.monitor.locks(minWaitTime) yield advertedDeadLocks, lockCount, contendedLockCount, minimumWaitTimeMs, contendedLocks, info

procedure

apoc.monitor.kernel

apoc.monitor.kernel() returns informations about the neo4j kernel

procedure

apoc.monitor.store

apoc.monitor.store() returns informations about the sizes of the different parts of the neo4j graph store

procedure

apoc.monitor.ids

apoc.monitor.ids() returns the object ids in use for this neo4j instance

procedure

apoc.monitor.tx

apoc.monitor.tx() returns informations about the neo4j transaction manager

procedure

apoc.trigger.add

procedure

apoc.trigger.remove

procedure

apoc.trigger.list

procedure

apoc.trigger.pause

procedure

apoc.trigger.resume

procedure

apoc.static.get

apoc.static.get(name) - returns statically stored value from config (apoc.static.<key>) or server lifetime storage

procedure

apoc.static.getAll

apoc.static.getAll(prefix) - returns statically stored values from config (apoc.static.<prefix>.*) or server lifetime storage

procedure

apoc.static.list

apoc.static.list(prefix) - returns statically stored values from config (apoc.static.<prefix>.*) or server lifetime storage

procedure

apoc.static.set

apoc.static.set(name, value) - stores value under key for server livetime storage, returns previously stored or configured value

procedure

apoc.util.sleep

apoc.util.sleep(<duration>) | sleeps for <duration> millis, transaction termination is honored

procedure

apoc.util.validate

apoc.util.validate(predicate, message, params) | if the predicate yields to true raise an exception

procedure

apoc.merge.node

apoc.merge.node(['Label'], {key:value, …​}, {key:value,…​}) - merge node with dynamic labels

procedure

apoc.merge.relationship

apoc.merge.relationship(startNode, relType, {key:value, …​}, {key:value, …​}, endNode) - merge relationship with dynamic type

procedure

apoc.bolt.load

procedure

apoc.bolt.execute

procedure

apoc.config.list

procedure

apoc.config.map

procedure

apoc.nodes.link

apoc.nodes.link([nodes],'REL_TYPE') - creates a linked list of nodes from first to last

procedure

apoc.nodes.get

apoc.nodes.get(node|nodes|id|[ids]) - quickly returns all nodes with these id’s

procedure

apoc.nodes.delete

apoc.nodes.delete(node|nodes|id|[ids]) - quickly delete all nodes with these id’s

procedure

apoc.nodes.rels

apoc.get.rels(rel|id|[ids]) - quickly returns all relationships with these id’s

procedure

apoc.nodes.group

procedure

apoc.example.movies

apoc.example.movies() | Creates the sample movies graph

procedure

apoc.path.expand

apoc.path.expand(startNode <id>|Node|list, 'TYPE|TYPE_OUT>|<TYPE_IN', '+YesLabel|-NoLabel', minLevel, maxLevel ) yield path expand from start node following the given relationships from min to max-level adhering to the label filters

procedure

apoc.path.expandConfig

apoc.path.expandConfig(startNode <id>|Node|list, {minLevel,maxLevel,uniqueness,relationshipFilter,labelFilter,uniqueness:'RELATIONSHIP_PATH',bfs:true, filterStartNode:false}) yield path expand from start node following the given relationships from min to max-level adhering to the label filters

procedure

apoc.path.subgraphNodes

apoc.path.subgraphNodes(startNode <id>|Node|list, {maxLevel,relationshipFilter,labelFilter,bfs:true, filterStartNode:false}) yield node expand the subgraph nodes reachable from start node following relationships to max-level adhering to the label filters

procedure

apoc.path.subgraphAll

apoc.path.subgraphAll(startNode <id>|Node|list, {maxLevel,relationshipFilter,labelFilter,bfs:true, filterStartNode:false}) yield nodes, relationships expand the subgraph reachable from start node following relationships to max-level adhering to the label filters, and also return all relationships within the subgraph

procedure

apoc.path.spanningTree

apoc.path.spanningTree(startNode <id>|Node|list, {maxLevel,relationshipFilter,labelFilter,bfs:true, filterStartNode:false}) yield path expand a spanning tree reachable from start node following relationships to max-level adhering to the label filters

procedure

apoc.date.expire

CALL apoc.date.expire(node,time,'time-unit') - expire node in given time by setting :TTL label and ttl property

procedure

apoc.date.expireIn

CALL apoc.date.expire.in(node,time,'time-unit') - expire node in given time-delta by setting :TTL label and ttl property

procedure

apoc.graph.fromData

apoc.graph.fromData([nodes],[relationships],'name',{properties}) | creates a virtual graph object for later processing

procedure

apoc.graph.from

apoc.graph.from(data,'name',{properties}) | creates a virtual graph object for later processing it tries its best to extract the graph information from the data you pass in

procedure

apoc.graph.fromPath

apoc.graph.fromPaths(path,'name',{properties}) - creates a virtual graph object for later processing

procedure

apoc.graph.fromPaths

apoc.graph.fromPaths([paths],'name',{properties}) - creates a virtual graph object for later processing

procedure

apoc.graph.fromDB

apoc.graph.fromDB('name',{properties}) - creates a virtual graph object for later processing

procedure

apoc.graph.fromCypher

apoc.graph.fromCypher('statement',{params},'name',{properties}) - creates a virtual graph object for later processing

procedure

apoc.lock.all

apoc.lock.all([nodes],[relationships]) acquires a write lock on the given nodes and relationships

procedure

apoc.lock.nodes

apoc.lock.nodes([nodes]) acquires a write lock on the given nodes

procedure

apoc.lock.read.nodes

apoc.lock.read.nodes([nodes]) acquires a read lock on the given nodes

procedure

apoc.lock.rels

apoc.lock.rels([relationships]) acquires a write lock on the given relationship

procedure

apoc.lock.read.rels

apoc.lock.read.rels([relationships]) acquires a read lock on the given relationship

procedure

apoc.algo.aStar

apoc.algo.aStar(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 'distance','lat','lon') YIELD path, weight - run A* with relationship property name as cost function

procedure

apoc.algo.aStarConfig

apoc.algo.aStar(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', {weight:'dist',default:10,x:'lon',y:'lat'}) YIELD path, weight - run A* with relationship property name as cost function

procedure

apoc.algo.dijkstra

apoc.algo.dijkstra(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 'distance') YIELD path, weight - run dijkstra with relationship property name as cost function

procedure

apoc.algo.allSimplePaths

apoc.algo.allSimplePaths(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 5) YIELD path, weight - run allSimplePaths with relationships given and maxNodes

procedure

apoc.algo.dijkstraWithDefaultWeight

apoc.algo.dijkstraWithDefaultWeight(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 'distance', 10) YIELD path, weight - run dijkstra with relationship property name as cost function and a default weight if the property does not exist

procedure

apoc.algo.cover

apoc.algo.cover(nodes) yield rel - returns all relationships between this set of nodes

procedure

apoc.algo.cliques

apoc.algo.cliques(minSize) YIELD cliques - search the graph and return all maximal cliques at least at large as the minimum size argument.

procedure

apoc.algo.cliquesWithNode

apoc.algo.cliquesWithNode(startNode, minSize) YIELD cliques - search the graph and return all maximal cliques that are at least as large than the minimum size argument and contain this node

procedure

apoc.algo.wcc

CALL apoc.algo.wcc() YIELD number of weakly connected components

procedure

apoc.algo.pageRank

CALL apoc.algo.pageRank(nodes) YIELD node, score - calculates page rank for given nodes

procedure

apoc.algo.pageRankWithConfig

CALL apoc.algo.pageRankWithConfig(nodes,{iterations:_,types:_}) YIELD node, score, info - calculates page rank for given nodes

procedure

apoc.algo.pageRankStats

CALL apoc.algo.pageRankStats({iterations:_,types:_,write:true,…​}) YIELD nodeCount - calculates page rank on graph for given nodes and potentially writes back

procedure

apoc.algo.pageRankWithCypher

CALL apoc.algo.pageRankWithCypher({iterations,node_cypher,rel_cypher,write,property,numCpu}) - calculates page rank based on cypher input

procedure

apoc.algo.betweenness

CALL apoc.algo.betweenness(['TYPE',…​],nodes,BOTH) YIELD node, score - calculate betweenness centrality for given nodes

procedure

apoc.algo.betweennessCypher

CALL apoc.algo.betweennessCypher(node_cypher,rel_cypher,write) - calculates betweeness centrality based on cypher input

procedure

apoc.algo.closeness

CALL apoc.algo.closeness(['TYPE',…​],nodes, INCOMING) YIELD node, score - calculate closeness centrality for given nodes

procedure

apoc.algo.community

CALL apoc.algo.community(times,labels,partitionKey,type,direction,weightKey,batchSize) - simple label propagation kernel

procedure

apoc.meta.stats

apoc.meta.stats yield labelCount, relTypeCount, propertyKeyCount, nodeCount, relCount, labels, relTypes, stats | returns the information stored in the transactional database statistics

procedure

apoc.meta.data

apoc.meta.data - examines a subset of the graph to provide a tabular meta information

procedure

apoc.meta.schema

apoc.meta.schema - examines a subset of the graph to provide a map-like meta information

procedure

apoc.meta.graph

apoc.meta.graph - examines the full graph to create the meta-graph

procedure

apoc.meta.graphSample

apoc.meta.graphSample() - examines the database statistics to build the meta graph, very fast, might report extra relationships

procedure

apoc.meta.subGraph

apoc.meta.subGraph({labels:[labels],rels:[rel-types], excludes:[labels,rel-types]}) - examines a sample sub graph to create the meta-graph

procedure

apoc.get.nodes

apoc.get.nodes(node|id|[ids]) - quickly returns all nodes with these id’s

procedure

apoc.get.rels

apoc.get.rels(rel|id|[ids]) - quickly returns all relationships with these id’s

procedure

apoc.cypher.run

apoc.cypher.run(fragment, params) yield value - executes reading fragment with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.cypher.runFile

apoc.cypher.runFile(file or url) - runs each statement in the file, all semicolon separated - currently no schema operations

procedure

apoc.cypher.runFiles

apoc.cypher.runFiles([files or urls]) - runs each statement in the files, all semicolon separated

procedure

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFile

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFile(file or url) - allows only schema operations, runs each schema statement in the file, all semicolon separated

procedure

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFiles

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFiles([files or urls]) - allows only schema operations, runs each schema statement in the files, all semicolon separated

procedure

apoc.cypher.runMany

apoc.cypher.runMany('cypher;\nstatements;',{params}) - runs each semicolon separated statement and returns summary - currently no schema operations

procedure

apoc.cypher.parallel

procedure

apoc.cypher.mapParallel

apoc.cypher.mapParallel(fragment, params, list-to-parallelize) yield value - executes fragment in parallel batches with the list segments being assigned to _

procedure

apoc.cypher.mapParallel2

apoc.cypher.mapParallel2(fragment, params, list-to-parallelize) yield value - executes fragment in parallel batches with the list segments being assigned to _

procedure

apoc.cypher.parallel2

procedure

apoc.cypher.doIt

apoc.cypher.doIt(fragment, params) yield value - executes writing fragment with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.cypher.runTimeboxed

apoc.cypher.runTimeboxed('cypherStatement',{params}, timeout) - abort statement after timeout ms if not finished

procedure

apoc.when

apoc.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - based on the conditional, executes read-only ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.do.when

apoc.do.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - based on the conditional, executes writing ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.case

apoc.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - given a list of conditional / read-only query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.do.case

apoc.do.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - given a list of conditional / writing query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.gephi.add

apoc.gephi.add(url-or-key, workspace, data, weightproperty) | streams passed in data to Gephi

procedure

apoc.atomic.add

apoc.atomic.add(node/relatonship,propertyName,number) Sums the property’s value with the 'number' value

procedure

apoc.atomic.subtract

apoc.atomic.subtract(node/relatonship,propertyName,number) Subtracts the 'number' value to the property’s value

procedure

apoc.atomic.concat

apoc.atomic.concat(node/relatonship,propertyName,string) Concats the property’s value with the 'string' value

procedure

apoc.atomic.insert

apoc.atomic.insert(node/relatonship,propertyName,position,value) insert a value into the property’s array value at 'position'

procedure

apoc.atomic.remove

apoc.atomic.remove(node/relatonship,propertyName,position) remove the element at position 'position'

procedure

apoc.atomic.update

apoc.atomic.update(node/relatonship,propertyName,updateOperation) update a property’s value with a cypher operation (ex. "n.prop1+n.prop2")

procedure

apoc.math.regr

apoc.math.regr(label, propertyY, propertyX) - It calculates the coefficient of determination (R-squared) for the values of propertyY and propertyX in the provided label

procedure

apoc.mongodb.get

apoc.mongodb.get(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null,[compatibleValues=true|false]) yield value - perform a find operation on mongodb collection

procedure

apoc.mongodb.count

apoc.mongodb.count(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null) yield value - perform a find operation on mongodb collection

procedure

apoc.mongodb.first

apoc.mongodb.first(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null,[compatibleValues=true|false]) yield value - perform a first operation on mongodb collection

procedure

apoc.mongodb.find

apoc.mongodb.find(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null,projection-or-null,sort-or-null,[compatibleValues=true|false]) yield value - perform a find,project,sort operation on mongodb collection

procedure

apoc.mongodb.insert

apoc.mongodb.insert(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,list-of-maps) - inserts the given documents into the mongodb collection

procedure

apoc.mongodb.delete

apoc.mongodb.delete(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,list-of-maps) - inserts the given documents into the mongodb collection

procedure

apoc.mongodb.update

apoc.mongodb.update(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,list-of-maps) - inserts the given documents into the mongodb collection

procedure

apoc.search.nodeAllReduced

Do a parallel search over multiple indexes returning a reduced representation of the nodes found: node id, labels and the searched property. apoc.search.nodeShortAll( map of label and properties which will be searched upon, operator: EXACT / CONTAINS / STARTS WITH | ENDS WITH / = / <> / < / > …​, value ). All 'hits' are returned.

procedure

apoc.search.nodeReduced

Do a parallel search over multiple indexes returning a reduced representation of the nodes found: node id, labels and the searched properties. apoc.search.nodeReduced( map of label and properties which will be searched upon, operator: EXACT | CONTAINS | STARTS WITH | ENDS WITH, searchValue ). Multiple search results for the same node are merged into one record.

procedure

apoc.search.multiSearchReduced

Do a parallel search over multiple indexes returning a reduced representation of the nodes found: node id, labels and the searched properties. apoc.search.multiSearchReduced( map of label and properties which will be searched upon, operator: EXACT | CONTAINS | STARTS WITH | ENDS WITH, searchValue ). Multiple search results for the same node are merged into one record.

procedure

apoc.search.nodeAll

Do a parallel search over multiple indexes returning nodes. usage apoc.search.nodeAll( map of label and properties which will be searched upon, operator: EXACT | CONTAINS | STARTS WITH | ENDS WITH, searchValue ) returns all the Nodes found in the different searches.

procedure

apoc.search.node

Do a parallel search over multiple indexes returning nodes. usage apoc.search.node( map of label and properties which will be searched upon, operator: EXACT | CONTAINS | STARTS WITH | ENDS WITH, searchValue ) returns all the DISTINCT Nodes found in the different searches.

procedure

apoc.schema.assert

apoc.schema.assert({indexLabel:[indexKeys], …​}, {constraintLabel:[constraintKeys], …​}, dropExisting : true) yield label, key, unique, action - drops all other existing indexes and constraints when dropExisting is true (default is true), and asserts that at the end of the operation the given indexes and unique constraints are there, each label:key pair is considered one constraint/label

procedure

apoc.schema.nodes

CALL apoc.schema.nodes() yield name, label, properties, status, type

procedure

apoc.schema.relationships

CALL apoc.schema.relationships() yield name, startLabel, type, endLabel, properties, status

procedure

apoc.coll.zipToRows

apoc.coll.zipToRows(list1,list2) - creates pairs like zip but emits one row per pair

procedure

apoc.coll.partition

apoc.coll.partition(list,batchSize)

procedure

apoc.coll.split

apoc.coll.split(list,value) | splits collection on given values rows of lists, value itself will not be part of resulting lists

procedure

apoc.load.csv

apoc.load.csv('url',{config}) YIELD lineNo, list, map - load CSV fom URL as stream of values, config contains any of: {skip:1,limit:5,header:false,sep:'TAB',ignore:['tmp'],arraySep:';',mapping:{years:{type:'int',arraySep:'-',array:false,name:'age',ignore:false}}

procedure

apoc.load.ldap

apoc.load.ldap("key" or {connectionMap},{searchMap}) Load entries from an ldap source (yield entry)

procedure

apoc.load.driver

apoc.load.driver('org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver') register JDBC driver of source database

procedure

apoc.load.jdbc

apoc.load.jdbc('key or url','table or statement') YIELD row - load from relational database, from a full table or a sql statement

procedure

apoc.load.jdbcParams

deprecated - please use: apoc.load.jdbc('key or url','statement',[params]) YIELD row - load from relational database, from a sql statement with parameters

procedure

apoc.load.jdbcUpdate

apoc.load.jdbcUpdate('key or url','statement',[params]) YIELD row - update relational database, from a SQL statement with optional parameters

procedure

apoc.load.jsonArray

apoc.load.jsonArray('url') YIELD value - load array from JSON URL (e.g. web-api) to import JSON as stream of values

procedure

apoc.load.json

apoc.load.json('url',path, config) YIELD value - import JSON as stream of values if the JSON was an array or a single value if it was a map

procedure

apoc.load.jsonParams

apoc.load.jsonParams('url',{header:value},payload, config) YIELD value - load from JSON URL (e.g. web-api) while sending headers / payload to import JSON as stream of values if the JSON was an array or a single value if it was a map

procedure

apoc.load.xml

apoc.load.xml('http://example.com/test.xml', 'xPath',config, false) YIELD value as doc CREATE (p:Person) SET p.name = doc.name load from XML URL (e.g. web-api) to import XML as single nested map with attributes and _type, _text and _childrenx fields.

procedure

apoc.load.xmlSimple

apoc.load.xmlSimple('http://example.com/test.xml') YIELD value as doc CREATE (p:Person) SET p.name = doc.name load from XML URL (e.g. web-api) to import XML as single nested map with attributes and _type, _text and _children fields. This method does intentionally not work with XML mixed content.

procedure

apoc.generate.ba

apoc.generate.ba(noNodes, edgesPerNode, label, type) - generates a random graph according to the Barabasi-Albert model

procedure

apoc.generate.ws

apoc.generate.ws(noNodes, degree, beta, label, type) - generates a random graph according to the Watts-Strogatz model

procedure

apoc.generate.er

apoc.generate.er(noNodes, noEdges, label, type) - generates a random graph according to the Erdos-Renyi model

procedure

apoc.generate.complete

apoc.generate.complete(noNodes, label, type) - generates a random complete graph

procedure

apoc.generate.simple

apoc.generate.simple(degrees, label, type) - generates a simple random graph according to the given degree distribution

procedure

apoc.index.addAllNodes

apoc.index.addAllNodes('name',{label1:['prop1',…​],…​}, {options}) YIELD type, name, config - create a free text search index

procedure

apoc.index.addAllNodesExtended

apoc.index.addAllNodesExtended('name',{label1:['prop1',…​],…​}, {options}) YIELD type, name, config - create a free text search index with special options

procedure

apoc.index.search

apoc.index.search('name', 'query', [maxNumberOfResults]) YIELD node, weight - search for nodes in the free text index matching the given query

procedure

apoc.index.related

apoc.index.relatedNodes([nodes],label,key,'<TYPE'/'TYPE>'/'TYPE',limit) yield node - schema range scan which keeps index order and adds limit and checks opposite node of relationship against the given set of nodes

procedure

apoc.index.orderedRange

apoc.index.orderedRange(label,key,min,max,sort-relevance,limit) yield node - schema range scan which keeps index order and adds limit, values can be null, boundaries are inclusive

procedure

apoc.index.orderedByText

apoc.index.orderedByText(label,key,operator,value,sort-relevance,limit) yield node - schema string search which keeps index order and adds limit, operator is 'STARTS WITH' or 'CONTAINS'

procedure

apoc.schema.properties.distinct

apoc.schema.properties.distinct(label, key) - quickly returns all distinct values for a given key

procedure

apoc.schema.properties.distinctCount

apoc.schema.properties.distinctCount([label], [key]) YIELD label, key, value, count - quickly returns all distinct values and counts for a given key

procedure

apoc.index.nodes

apoc.index.nodes('Label','prop:value*') YIELD node - lucene query on node index with the given label name

procedure

apoc.index.forNodes

apoc.index.forNodes('name',{config}) YIELD type,name,config - gets or creates node index

procedure

apoc.index.forRelationships

apoc.index.forRelationships('name',{config}) YIELD type,name,config - gets or creates relationship index

procedure

apoc.index.remove

apoc.index.remove('name') YIELD type,name,config - removes an manual index

procedure

apoc.index.list

apoc.index.list() - YIELD type,name,config - lists all manual indexes

procedure

apoc.index.relationships

apoc.index.relationships('TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD rel - lucene query on relationship index with the given type name

procedure

apoc.index.between

apoc.index.between(node1,'TYPE',node2,'prop:value*') YIELD rel - lucene query on relationship index with the given type name bound by either or both sides (each node parameter can be null)

procedure

apoc.index.out

out(node,'TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD node - lucene query on relationship index with the given type name for outgoing relationship of the given node, returns end-nodes

procedure

apoc.index.in

apoc.index.in(node,'TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD node lucene query on relationship index with the given type name for incoming relationship of the given node, returns start-nodes

procedure

apoc.index.addNode

apoc.index.addNode(node,['prop1',…​]) add node to an index for each label it has

procedure

apoc.index.addNodeByLabel

apoc.index.addNodeByLabel(node,'Label',['prop1',…​]) add node to an index for the given label

procedure

apoc.index.addNodeByName

apoc.index.addNodeByName('name',node,['prop1',…​]) add node to an index for the given name

procedure

apoc.index.addRelationship

apoc.index.addRelationship(rel,['prop1',…​]) add relationship to an index for its type

procedure

apoc.index.addRelationshipByName

apoc.index.addRelationshipByName('name',rel,['prop1',…​]) add relationship to an index for the given name

procedure

apoc.index.removeNodeByName

apoc.index.removeNodeByName('name',node) remove node from an index for the given name

procedure

apoc.index.removeRelationshipByName

apoc.index.removeRelationshipByName('name',rel) remove relationship from an index for the given name

procedure

apoc.log.error

apoc.log.error(message, params) - logs error message

procedure

apoc.log.warn

apoc.log.warn(message, params) - logs warn message

procedure

apoc.log.info

apoc.log.info(message, params) - logs info message

procedure

apoc.log.debug

apoc.log.debug(message, params) - logs debug message

procedure

apoc.text.phonetic

apoc.text.phonetic(value) yield value - Compute the US_ENGLISH phonetic soundex encoding of all words of the text value which can be a single string or a list of strings

procedure

apoc.text.phoneticDelta

apoc.text.phoneticDelta(text1, text2) yield phonetic1, phonetic2, delta - Compute the US_ENGLISH soundex character difference between two given strings

procedure

apoc.es.stats

apoc.es.stats(host-url-Key) - elastic search statistics

procedure

apoc.es.get

apoc.es.get(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,id-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a GET operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.query

apoc.es.query(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a SEARCH operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.getRaw

apoc.es.getRaw(host-or-port,path,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a raw GET operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.postRaw

apoc.es.postRaw(host-or-port,path,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a raw POST operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.post

apoc.es.post(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a POST operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.put

apoc.es.put(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,id-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a PUT operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.export.cypher.all

apoc.export.cypher.all(file,config) - exports whole database incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.cypher.data

apoc.export.cypher.data(nodes,rels,file,config) - exports given nodes and relationships incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.cypher.graph

apoc.export.cypher.graph(graph,file,config) - exports given graph object incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.cypher.query

apoc.export.cypher.query(query,file,config) - exports nodes and relationships from the cypher statement incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.cypher.schema

apoc.export.cypher.schema(file,config) - exports all schema indexes and constraints to cypher

procedure

apoc.export.csv.all

procedure

apoc.export.csv.data

procedure

apoc.export.csv.graph

procedure

apoc.export.csv.query

procedure

apoc.export.cypherAll

apoc.export.cypherAll(file,config) - exports whole database incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.cypherData

apoc.export.cypherData(nodes,rels,file,config) - exports given nodes and relationships incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.cypherGraph

apoc.export.cypherGraph(graph,file,config) - exports given graph object incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.cypherQuery

apoc.export.cypherQuery(query,file,config) - exports nodes and relationships from the cypher statement incl. indexes as cypher statements to the provided file

procedure

apoc.import.graphml

apoc.import.graphml(file,config) - imports graphml file

procedure

apoc.export.graphml.all

apoc.export.graphml.all(file,config) - exports whole database as graphml to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.graphml.data

apoc.export.graphml.data(nodes,rels,file,config) - exports given nodes and relationships as graphml to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.graphml.graph

apoc.export.graphml.graph(graph,file,config) - exports given graph object as graphml to the provided file

procedure

apoc.export.graphml.query

apoc.export.graphml.query(query,file,config) - exports nodes and relationships from the cypher statement as graphml to the provided file

procedure

apoc.spatial.sortByDistance

apoc.spatial.sortPathsByDistance(List<Path>) sort the given paths based on the geo informations (lat/long) in ascending order

procedure

apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce

apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce('address') YIELD location, latitude, longitude, description, osmData - look up geographic location of address from openstreetmap geocoding service

procedure

apoc.spatial.geocode

apoc.spatial.geocode('address') YIELD location, latitude, longitude, description, osmData - look up geographic location of address from openstreetmap geocoding service

procedure

apoc.create.node

apoc.create.node(['Label'], {key:value,…​}) - create node with dynamic labels

procedure

apoc.create.addLabels

apoc.create.addLabels( [node,id,ids,nodes], ['Label',…​]) - adds the given labels to the node or nodes

procedure

apoc.create.setProperty

apoc.create.setProperty( [node,id,ids,nodes], key, value) - sets the given property on the node(s)

procedure

apoc.create.setRelProperty

apoc.create.setRelProperty( [rel,id,ids,rels], key, value) - sets the given property on the relationship(s)

procedure

apoc.create.setProperties

apoc.create.setProperties( [node,id,ids,nodes], [keys], [values]) - sets the given property on the nodes(s)

procedure

apoc.create.setRelProperties

apoc.create.setRelProperties( [rel,id,ids,rels], [keys], [values]) - sets the given property on the relationship(s)

procedure

apoc.create.setLabels

apoc.create.setLabels( [node,id,ids,nodes], ['Label',…​]) - sets the given labels, non matching labels are removed on the node or nodes

procedure

apoc.create.removeLabels

apoc.create.removeLabels( [node,id,ids,nodes], ['Label',…​]) - removes the given labels from the node or nodes

procedure

apoc.create.nodes

apoc.create.nodes(['Label'], [{key:value,…​}]) create multiple nodes with dynamic labels

procedure

apoc.create.relationship

apoc.create.relationship(person1,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, person2) create relationship with dynamic rel-type

procedure

apoc.create.vNode

apoc.create.vNode(['Label'], {key:value,…​}) returns a virtual node

procedure

apoc.create.vNodes

apoc.create.vNodes(['Label'], [{key:value,…​}]) returns virtual nodes

procedure

apoc.create.vRelationship

apoc.create.vRelationship(nodeFrom,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, nodeTo) returns a virtual relationship

procedure

apoc.create.vPattern

apoc.create.vPattern({_labels:['LabelA'],key:value},'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, {_labels:['LabelB'],key:value}) returns a virtual pattern

procedure

apoc.create.vPatternFull

apoc.create.vPatternFull(['LabelA'],{key:value},'KNOWS',{key:value,…​},['LabelB'],{key:value}) returns a virtual pattern

procedure

apoc.create.uuids

apoc.create.uuids(count) yield uuid - creates 'count' UUIDs

procedure

apoc.warmup.run

apoc.warmup.run() - quickly loads all nodes and rels into memory by skipping one page at a time

procedure

apoc.stats.degrees

procedure

apoc.help

Provides descriptions of available procedures. To narrow the results, supply a search string. To also search in the description text, append + to the end of the search string.

procedure

apoc.refactor.rename.label

apoc.refactor.rename.label(oldLabel, newLabel, [nodes]) | rename a label from 'oldLabel' to 'newLabel' for all nodes. If 'nodes' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

procedure

apoc.refactor.rename.type

apoc.refactor.rename.type(oldType, newType, [rels]) | rename all relationships with type 'oldType' to 'newType'. If 'rels' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

procedure

apoc.refactor.rename.nodeProperty

apoc.refactor.rename.nodeProperty(oldName, newName, [nodes]) | rename all node’s property from 'oldName' to 'newName'. If 'nodes' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

procedure

apoc.refactor.rename.typeProperty

apoc.refactor.rename.typeProperty(oldName, newName, [rels]) | rename all relationship’s property from 'oldName' to 'newName'. If 'rels' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

procedure

apoc.refactor.extractNode

apoc.refactor.extractNode([rel1,rel2,…​], [labels],'OUT','IN') extract node from relationships

procedure

apoc.refactor.collapseNode

apoc.refactor.collapseNode([node1,node2],'TYPE') collapse node to relationship, node with one rel becomes self-relationship

procedure

apoc.refactor.cloneNodes

apoc.refactor.cloneNodes([node1,node2,…​]) clone nodes with their labels and properties

procedure

apoc.refactor.cloneNodesWithRelationships

apoc.refactor.cloneNodesWithRelationships([node1,node2,…​]) clone nodes with their labels, properties and relationships

procedure

apoc.refactor.mergeNodes

apoc.refactor.mergeNodes([node1,node2]) merge nodes onto first in list

procedure

apoc.refactor.mergeRelationships

apoc.refactor.mergeRelationships([rel1,rel2]) merge relationships onto first in list

procedure

apoc.refactor.setType

apoc.refactor.setType(rel, 'NEW-TYPE') change relationship-type

procedure

apoc.refactor.to

apoc.refactor.to(rel, endNode) redirect relationship to use new end-node

procedure

apoc.refactor.invert

apoc.refactor.invert(rel) inverts relationship direction

procedure

apoc.refactor.from

apoc.refactor.from(rel, startNode) redirect relationship to use new start-node

procedure

apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean

apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean(entity, propertyKey, true_values, false_values) normalize/convert a property to be boolean

procedure

apoc.refactor.categorize

apoc.refactor.categorize(sourceKey, type, outgoing, label, targetKey, copiedKeys, batchSize) turn each unique propertyKey into a category node and connect to it

procedure

apoc.convert.setJsonProperty

apoc.convert.setJsonProperty(node,key,complexValue) - sets value serialized to JSON as property with the given name on the node

procedure

apoc.convert.toTree

apoc.convert.toTree([paths]) creates a stream of nested documents representing the at least one root of these paths

procedure

apoc.couchbase.get

apoc.couchbase.get(nodes, bucket, documentId) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content - retrieves a couchbase json document by its unique ID.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.exists

apoc.couchbase.exists(nodes, bucket, documentId) yield value - check whether a couchbase json document with the given ID does exist.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.insert

apoc.couchbase.insert(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content - insert a couchbase json document with its unique ID.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.upsert

apoc.couchbase.upsert(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content - insert or overwrite a couchbase json document with its unique ID.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.append

apoc.couchbase.append(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content - append a couchbase json document to an existing one.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.prepend

apoc.couchbase.prepend(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content - prepend a couchbase json document to an existing one.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.remove

apoc.couchbase.remove(nodes, bucket, documentId) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content - remove the couchbase json document identified by its unique ID.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.replace

apoc.couchbase.replace(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content - replace the content of the couchbase json document identified by its unique ID.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.query

apoc.couchbase.query(nodes, bucket, statement) yield queryResult - executes a plain un-parameterized N1QL statement.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.posParamsQuery

apoc.couchbase.posParamsQuery(nodes, bucket, statement, params) yield queryResult - executes a N1QL statement with positional parameters.

procedure

apoc.couchbase.namedParamsQuery

apoc.couchbase.namedParamsQuery(nodes, bucket, statement, paramNames, paramValues) yield queryResult - executes a N1QL statement with named parameters.

function

apoc.trigger.nodesByLabel

function

apoc.trigger.propertiesByKey

function

apoc.util.sha1

apoc.util.sha1([values]) | computes the sha1 of the concatenation of all string values of the list

function

apoc.util.sha256

apoc.util.sha256([values]) | computes the sha256 of the concatenation of all string values of the list

function

apoc.util.sha384

apoc.util.sha384([values]) | computes the sha384 of the concatenation of all string values of the list

function

apoc.util.sha512

apoc.util.sha512([values]) | computes the sha512 of the concatenation of all string values of the list

function

apoc.util.md5

apoc.util.md5([values]) | computes the md5 of the concatenation of all string values of the list

function

apoc.node.relationship.exists

apoc.node.relationship.exists(node, [rel-direction-pattern]) - yields true effectively when the node has the relationships of the pattern

function

apoc.nodes.connected

apoc.nodes.connected(start, end, [rel-direction-pattern]) - yields true effectively when the node is connected to the other node

function

apoc.node.degree

apoc.node.degree(node, [rel-direction-pattern]) - yields degree effectively when the node has the relationships of the pattern

function

apoc.node.relationship.types

apoc.node.relationship.types(node, [rel-direction-pattern]) - yields distinct relationship-types

function

apoc.nodes.isDense

apoc.nodes.isDense(node) - returns true if it is a dense node

function

apoc.date.toYears

toYears(timestap) or toYears(date[,format]) converts timestamp into floating point years

function

apoc.date.fields

apoc.date.fields('2012-12-23',('yyyy-MM-dd')) - return columns and a map representation of date parsed with the given format with entries for years,months,weekdays,days,hours,minutes,seconds,zoneid

function

apoc.date.currentTimestamp

apoc.date.currentTimestamp() - returns System.currentTimeMillis()

function

apoc.date.format

apoc.date.format(12345,('ms|s|m|h|d'),('yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss zzz'),('TZ')) get string representation of time value optionally using the specified unit (default ms) using specified format (default ISO) and specified time zone (default current TZ)

function

apoc.date.parse

apoc.date.parse('2012-12-23','ms|s|m|h|d','yyyy-MM-dd') parse date string using the specified format into the specified time unit

function

apoc.date.systemTimezone

apoc.date.systemTimezone() returns the system timezone display name

function

apoc.date.convert

apoc.date.convert(12345, 'ms', 'd') convert a timestamp in one time unit into one of a different time unit

function

apoc.date.add

apoc.date.add(12345, 'ms', -365, 'd') given a timestamp in one time unit, adds a value of the specified time unit

function

apoc.algo.cosineSimilarity

apoc.algo.cosineSimilarity([vector1], [vector2]) given two collection vectors, calculate cosine similarity

function

apoc.algo.euclideanDistance

apoc.algo.euclideanDistance([vector1], [vector2]) given two collection vectors, calculate the euclidean distance (square root of the sum of the squared differences)

function

apoc.algo.euclideanSimilarity

apoc.algo.euclideanSimilarity([vector1], [vector2]) given two collection vectors, calculate similarity based on euclidean distance

function

apoc.meta.type

apoc.meta.type(value) - type name of a value (INTEGER,FLOAT,STRING,BOOLEAN,RELATIONSHIP,NODE,PATH,NULL,UNKNOWN,MAP,LIST)

function

apoc.meta.typeName

apoc.meta.typeName(value) - type name of a value (INTEGER,FLOAT,STRING,BOOLEAN,RELATIONSHIP,NODE,PATH,NULL,UNKNOWN,MAP,LIST)

function

apoc.meta.types

apoc.meta.types(node-relationship-map) - returns a map of keys to types

function

apoc.meta.isType

apoc.meta.isType(value,type) - returns a row if type name matches none if not (INTEGER,FLOAT,STRING,BOOLEAN,RELATIONSHIP,NODE,PATH,NULL,UNKNOWN,MAP,LIST)

function

apoc.cypher.runFirstColumn

apoc.cypher.runFirstColumn(statement, params, expectMultipleValues) - executes statement with given parameters, returns first column only, if expectMultipleValues is true will collect results into an array

function

apoc.math.round

apoc.math.round(value,[prec],mode=[CEILING,FLOOR,UP,DOWN,HALF_EVEN,HALF_DOWN,HALF_UP,DOWN,UNNECESSARY])

function

apoc.math.maxLong

apoc.math.maxLong() | return the maximum value a long can have

function

apoc.math.minLong

apoc.math.minLong() | return the minimum value a long can have

function

apoc.math.maxDouble

apoc.math.maxDouble() | return the largest positive finite value of type double

function

apoc.math.minDouble

apoc.math.minDouble() | return the smallest positive nonzero value of type double

function

apoc.math.maxInt

apoc.math.maxInt() | return the maximum value an int can have

function

apoc.math.minInt

apoc.math.minInt() | return the minimum value an int can have

function

apoc.math.maxByte

apoc.math.maxByte() | return the maximum value an byte can have

function

apoc.math.minByte

apoc.math.minByte() | return the minimum value an byte can have

function

apoc.number.format

apoc.number.format(number) | format a long or double using the default system pattern and language to produce a string

function

apoc.number.parseInt

apoc.number.parseInt(text) | parse a text using the default system pattern and language to produce a long

function

apoc.number.parseFloat

apoc.number.parseFloat(text) | parse a text using the default system pattern and language to produce a double

function

apoc.number.exact.add

function

apoc.number.exact.sub

function

apoc.number.exact.mul

function

apoc.number.exact.div

function

apoc.number.exact.toInteger

function

apoc.number.exact.toFloat

function

apoc.number.exact.toExact

function

apoc.schema.node.indexExists

RETURN apoc.schema.node.indexExists(labelName, propertyNames)

function

apoc.schema.node.constraintExists

RETURN apoc.schema.node.constraintExists(labelName, propertyNames)

function

apoc.schema.relationship.constraintExists

RETURN apoc.schema.relationship.constraintExists(type, propertyNames)

function

apoc.coll.zip

apoc.coll.zip([list1],[list2])

function

apoc.coll.pairs

apoc.coll.pairs([1,2,3]) returns [1,2],[2,3],[3,null]

function

apoc.coll.pairsMin

apoc.coll.pairsMin([1,2,3]) returns [1,2],[2,3]

function

apoc.coll.sum

apoc.coll.sum([0.5,1,2.3])

function

apoc.coll.avg

apoc.coll.avg([0.5,1,2.3])

function

apoc.coll.min

apoc.coll.min([0.5,1,2.3])

function

apoc.coll.max

apoc.coll.max([0.5,1,2.3])

function

apoc.coll.contains

apoc.coll.contains(coll, value) optimized contains operation (using a HashSet) (returns single row or not)

function

apoc.coll.indexOf

apoc.coll.indexOf(coll, value) | position of value in the list

function

apoc.coll.containsAll

apoc.coll.containsAll(coll, values) optimized contains-all operation (using a HashSet) (returns single row or not)

function

apoc.coll.containsSorted

apoc.coll.containsSorted(coll, value) optimized contains on a sorted list operation (Collections.binarySearch) (returns single row or not)

function

apoc.coll.containsAllSorted

apoc.coll.containsAllSorted(coll, value) optimized contains-all on a sorted list operation (Collections.binarySearch) (returns single row or not)

function

apoc.coll.toSet

apoc.coll.toSet([list]) returns a unique list backed by a set

function

apoc.coll.sumLongs

apoc.coll.sumLongs([1,3,3])

function

apoc.coll.sort

apoc.coll.sort(coll) sort on Collections

function

apoc.coll.sortNodes

apoc.coll.sortNodes([nodes], 'name') sort nodes by property

function

apoc.coll.sortMaps

apoc.coll.sortMaps([maps], 'name') - sort maps by property

function

apoc.coll.union

apoc.coll.union(first, second) - creates the distinct union of the 2 lists

function

apoc.coll.subtract

apoc.coll.subtract(first, second) - returns unique set of first list with all elements of second list removed

function

apoc.coll.removeAll

apoc.coll.removeAll(first, second) - returns first list with all elements of second list removed

function

apoc.coll.intersection

apoc.coll.intersection(first, second) - returns the unique intersection of the two lists

function

apoc.coll.disjunction

apoc.coll.disjunction(first, second) - returns the disjunct set of the two lists

function

apoc.coll.unionAll

apoc.coll.unionAll(first, second) - creates the full union with duplicates of the two lists

function

apoc.coll.shuffle

apoc.coll.shuffle(coll) - returns the shuffled list

function

apoc.coll.randomItem

apoc.coll.randomItem(coll)- returns a random item from the list, or null on an empty or null list

function

apoc.coll.randomItems

apoc.coll.randomItems(coll, itemCount, allowRepick: false) - returns a list of itemCount random items from the original list, optionally allowing picked elements to be picked again

function

apoc.coll.containsDuplicates

apoc.coll.containsDuplicates(coll) - returns true if a collection contains duplicate elements

function

apoc.coll.duplicates

apoc.coll.duplicates(coll) - returns a list of duplicate items in the collection

function

apoc.coll.duplicatesWithCount

apoc.coll.duplicatesWithCount(coll) - returns a list of duplicate items in the collection and their count, keyed by item and count (e.g., [{item: xyz, count:2}, {item:zyx, count:5}])

function

apoc.coll.occurrences

apoc.coll.occurrences(coll, item) - returns the count of the given item in the collection

function

apoc.coll.flatten

apoc.coll.flatten(coll) - flattens nested list

function

apoc.coll.reverse

apoc.coll.reverse(coll) - returns reversed list

function

apoc.coll.sortMulti

apoc.coll.sortMulti(coll, ['^name','age'],[limit],[skip]) - sort list of maps by several sort fields (ascending with ^ prefix) and optionally applies limit and skip

function

apoc.map.groupBy

apoc.map.groupBy([maps/nodes/relationships],'key') yield value - creates a map of the list keyed by the given property, with single values

function

apoc.map.groupByMulti

apoc.map.groupByMulti([maps/nodes/relationships],'key') yield value - creates a map of the list keyed by the given property, with list values

function

apoc.map.fromNodes

apoc.map.fromNodes(label, property)

function

apoc.map.fromPairs

apoc.map.fromPairs([[key,value],[key2,value2],…​])

function

apoc.map.fromLists

apoc.map.fromLists([keys],[values])

function

apoc.map.fromValues

apoc.map.fromValues([key1,value1,key2,value2,…​])

function

apoc.map.merge

apoc.map.merge(first,second) - merges two maps

function

apoc.map.mergeList

apoc.map.mergeList([{maps}]) yield value - merges all maps in the list into one

function

apoc.map.setKey

apoc.map.setKey(map,key,value)

function

apoc.map.setEntry

apoc.map.setEntry(map,key,value)

function

apoc.map.setPairs

apoc.map.setPairs(map,[[key1,value1],[key2,value2])

function

apoc.map.setLists

apoc.map.setLists(map,[keys],[values])

function

apoc.map.setValues

apoc.map.setValues(map,[key1,value1,key2,value2])

function

apoc.map.removeKey

apoc.map.removeKey(map,key)

function

apoc.map.removeKeys

apoc.map.removeKeys(map,keys)

function

apoc.map.clean

apoc.map.clean(map,[skip,keys],[skip,values]) yield map removes the keys and values contained in those lists, good for data cleaning from CSV/JSON

function

apoc.map.updateTree

apoc.map.updateTree(tree,key,) returns map - adds the {data} map on each level of the nested tree, where the key-value pairs match

function

apoc.map.flatten

apoc.map.flatten(map) yield map - flattens nested items in map using dot notation

function

apoc.map.sortedProperties

apoc.map.sortedProperties(map, ignoreCase:true) - returns a list of key/value list pairs, with pairs sorted by keys alphabetically, with optional case sensitivity

function

apoc.version

RETURN apoc.version() | return the current APOC installed version

function

apoc.scoring.existence

apoc.scoring.existence(5, true) returns the provided score if true, 0 if false

function

apoc.scoring.pareto

apoc.scoring.pareto(10, 20, 100, 11) applies a Pareto scoring function over the inputs

function

apoc.text.replace

apoc.text.replace(text, regex, replacement) - replace each substring of the given string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.

function

apoc.text.regreplace

apoc.text.regreplace(text, regex, replacement) - replace each substring of the given string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.

function

apoc.text.split

apoc.text.split(text, regex, limit) - splits the given text around matches of the given regex.

function

apoc.text.regexGroups

apoc.text.regexGroups(text, regex) - return all matching groups of the regex on the given text.

function

apoc.text.join

apoc.text.join(['text1','text2',…​], delimiter) - join the given strings with the given delimiter.

function

apoc.text.clean

apoc.text.clean(text) - strip the given string of everything except alpha numeric characters and convert it to lower case.

function

apoc.text.compareCleaned

apoc.text.compareCleaned(text1, text2) - compare the given strings stripped of everything except alpha numeric characters converted to lower case.

function

apoc.text.distance

apoc.text.distance(text1, text2) - compare the given strings with the StringUtils.distance(text1, text2) method

function

apoc.text.fuzzyMatch

apoc.text.fuzzyMatch(text1, text2) - check if 2 words can be matched in a fuzzy way. Depending on the length of the String it will allow more characters that needs to be editted to match the second String.

function

apoc.text.urlencode

apoc.text.urlencode(text) - return the urlencoded text

function

apoc.text.urldecode

apoc.text.urldecode(text) - return the urldecoded text

function

apoc.text.lpad

apoc.text.lpad(text,count,delim) YIELD value - left pad the string to the given width

function

apoc.text.rpad

apoc.text.rpad(text,count,delim) YIELD value - right pad the string to the given width

function

apoc.text.format

apoc.text.format(text,[params]) - sprintf format the string with the params given

function

apoc.text.slug

apoc.text.slug(text, delim) - slug the text with the given delimiter

function

apoc.text.random

apoc.text.random(length, valid) YIELD value - generate a random string

function

apoc.text.capitalize

apoc.text.capitalize(text) YIELD value - capitalise the first letter of the word

function

apoc.text.capitalizeAll

apoc.text.capitalizeAll(text) YIELD value - capitalise the first letter of every word in the text

function

apoc.text.decapitalize

apoc.text.decapitalize(text) YIELD value - decapitalize the first letter of the word

function

apoc.text.decapitalizeAll

apoc.text.decapitalizeAll(text) YIELD value - decapitalize the first letter of all words

function

apoc.text.swapCase

apoc.text.swapCase(text) YIELD value - Swap the case of a string

function

apoc.text.camelCase

apoc.text.camelCase(text) YIELD value - Convert a string to camelCase

function

apoc.text.upperCamelCase

apoc.text.upperCamelCase(text) YIELD value - Convert a string to camelCase

function

apoc.text.snakeCase

apoc.text.snakeCase(text) YIELD value - Convert a string to snake-case

function

apoc.text.toUpperCase

apoc.text.toUpperCase(text) YIELD value - Convert a string to UPPER_CASE

function

apoc.text.base64Encode

apoc.text.base64Encode(text) YIELD value - Encode a string with Base64

function

apoc.text.base64Decode

apoc.text.base64Decode(text) YIELD value - Decode Base64 encoded string

function

apoc.bitwise.op

apoc.bitwise.op(60,'|',13) bitwise operations a & b, a | b, a ^ b, ~a, a >> b, a >>> b, a << b. returns the result of the bitwise operation

function

apoc.data.domain

apoc.data.domain('url_or_email_address') YIELD domain - extract the domain name from a url or an email address. If nothing was found, yield null.

function

apoc.create.vNode

apoc.create.vNode(['Label'], {key:value,…​}) returns a virtual node

function

apoc.create.vRelationship

apoc.create.vRelationship(nodeFrom,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, nodeTo) returns a virtual relationship

function

apoc.create.uuid

apoc.create.uuid() - creates an UUID

function

apoc.json.path

apoc.json.path('{json}','json-path')

function

apoc.convert.toJson

apoc.convert.toJson([1,2,3]) or toJson({a:42,b:"foo",c:[1,2,3]})

function

apoc.convert.getJsonProperty

apoc.convert.getJsonProperty(node,key[,'json-path']) - converts serialized JSON in property back to original object

function

apoc.convert.getJsonPropertyMap

apoc.convert.getJsonPropertyMap(node,key[,'json-path']) - converts serialized JSON in property back to map

function

apoc.convert.fromJsonMap

apoc.convert.fromJsonMap('{"a":42,"b":"foo","c":[1,2,3]}'[,'json-path'])

function

apoc.convert.fromJsonList

apoc.convert.fromJsonList('[1,2,3]'[,'json-path'])

function

apoc.convert.toSortedJsonMap

apoc.convert.toSortedJsonMap(node|map, ignoreCase:true) - returns a JSON map with keys sorted alphabetically, with optional case sensitivity

function

apoc.convert.toMap

apoc.convert.toMap(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a map

function

apoc.convert.toString

apoc.convert.toString(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a string

function

apoc.convert.toList

apoc.convert.toList(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a list

function

apoc.convert.toBoolean

apoc.convert.toBoolean(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a boolean

function

apoc.convert.toNode

apoc.convert.toNode(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a node

function

apoc.convert.toRelationship

apoc.convert.toRelationship(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a relationship

function

apoc.convert.toSet

apoc.convert.toSet(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a set

function

apoc.convert.toIntList

apoc.convert.toIntList(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a list of integers

function

apoc.convert.toStringList

apoc.convert.toStringList(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a list of strings

function

apoc.convert.toBooleanList

apoc.convert.toBooleanList(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a list of booleans

function

apoc.convert.toNodeList

apoc.convert.toNodeList(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a list of nodes

function

apoc.convert.toRelationshipList

apoc.convert.toRelationshipList(value) | tries it’s best to convert the value to a list of relationships

User Defined Functions

Introduced in Neo4j 3.1.0-M10

Neo4j 3.1 brings some really neat improvements in Cypher alongside other cool features

If you used or wrote procedures in the past, you most probably came across instances where it felt quite unwieldy to call a procedure just to compute something, convert a value or provide a boolean decision.

For example:

CREATE (v:Value {id:{id}, data:{data}})
WITH v
CALL apoc.date.format(timestamp(), "ms") YIELD value as created
SET v.created = created

You’d rather write it as a function:

CREATE (v:Value {id:{id}, data:{data}, created: apoc.date.format(timestamp()) })

Now in 3.1 that’s possible, and you can also leave off the "ms" and use a single function name, because the unit and format parameters have a default value.

Functions are more limited than procedures: they can’t execute writes or schema operations and are expected to return a single value, not a stream of values. But this makes it also easier to write and use them.

By having information about their types, the Cypher Compiler can also check for applicability.

The signature of the procedure above changed from:

@Procedure("apoc.date.format")
public Stream<StringResult> formatDefault(@Name("time") long time, @Name("unit") String unit) {
   return Stream.of(format(time, unit, DEFAULT_FORMAT));
}

to the much simpler function signature (ignoring the parameter name and value annotations):

@UserFunction("apoc.date.format")
public String format(@Name("time") long time,
                     @Name(value="unit", defaultValue="ms") String unit,
                     @Name(value="format", defaultValue=DEFAULT_FORMAT) String format) {
   return getFormatter().format(time, unit, format);
}

This can then be called in the manner outlined above.

In our APOC procedure library we already converted about 50 procedures into functions from the following areas:

package # of functions example function

date & time conversion

3

apoc.date.parse("time",["unit"],["format"])

number conversion

3

apoc.number.parse("number",["format"])

general type conversion

8

apoc.convert.toMap(value)

type information and checking

4

apoc.meta.type(value)

collection and map functions

25

apoc.map.fromList(["k1",v1,"k2",v2,"k3",v3])

JSON conversion

4

apoc.convert.toJson(value)

string functions

7

apoc.text.join(["s1","s2","s3"],"delim")

hash functions

2

apoc.util.md5(value)

You can list user defined functions with call dbms.functions()

dbms.functions

Text and Lookup Indexes

Index Queries

Procedures to add to and query manual indexes

Note
Please note that there are (case-sensitive) automatic schema indexes, for equality, non-equality, existence, range queries, starts with, ends-with and contains!
type qualified name description

procedure

apoc.index.addAllNodes

apoc.index.addAllNodes('name',{label1:['prop1',…​],…​}, {options}) YIELD type, name, config - create a free text search index

procedure

apoc.index.addAllNodesExtended

apoc.index.addAllNodesExtended('name',{label1:['prop1',…​],…​}, {options}) YIELD type, name, config - create a free text search index with special options

procedure

apoc.index.search

apoc.index.search('name', 'query', [maxNumberOfResults]) YIELD node, weight - search for nodes in the free text index matching the given query

procedure

apoc.index.related

apoc.index.relatedNodes([nodes],label,key,'<TYPE'/'TYPE>'/'TYPE',limit) yield node - schema range scan which keeps index order and adds limit and checks opposite node of relationship against the given set of nodes

procedure

apoc.index.orderedRange

apoc.index.orderedRange(label,key,min,max,sort-relevance,limit) yield node - schema range scan which keeps index order and adds limit, values can be null, boundaries are inclusive

procedure

apoc.index.orderedByText

apoc.index.orderedByText(label,key,operator,value,sort-relevance,limit) yield node - schema string search which keeps index order and adds limit, operator is 'STARTS WITH' or 'CONTAINS'

procedure

apoc.schema.properties.distinct

apoc.schema.properties.distinct(label, key) - quickly returns all distinct values for a given key

procedure

apoc.schema.properties.distinctCount

apoc.schema.properties.distinctCount([label], [key]) YIELD label, key, value, count - quickly returns all distinct values and counts for a given key

procedure

apoc.index.nodes

apoc.index.nodes('Label','prop:value*') YIELD node - lucene query on node index with the given label name

procedure

apoc.index.forNodes

apoc.index.forNodes('name',{config}) YIELD type,name,config - gets or creates node index

procedure

apoc.index.forRelationships

apoc.index.forRelationships('name',{config}) YIELD type,name,config - gets or creates relationship index

procedure

apoc.index.remove

apoc.index.remove('name') YIELD type,name,config - removes an manual index

procedure

apoc.index.list

apoc.index.list() - YIELD type,name,config - lists all manual indexes

procedure

apoc.index.relationships

apoc.index.relationships('TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD rel - lucene query on relationship index with the given type name

procedure

apoc.index.between

apoc.index.between(node1,'TYPE',node2,'prop:value*') YIELD rel - lucene query on relationship index with the given type name bound by either or both sides (each node parameter can be null)

procedure

apoc.index.out

out(node,'TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD node - lucene query on relationship index with the given type name for outgoing relationship of the given node, returns end-nodes

procedure

apoc.index.in

apoc.index.in(node,'TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD node lucene query on relationship index with the given type name for incoming relationship of the given node, returns start-nodes

procedure

apoc.index.addNode

apoc.index.addNode(node,['prop1',…​]) add node to an index for each label it has

procedure

apoc.index.addNodeByLabel

apoc.index.addNodeByLabel(node,'Label',['prop1',…​]) add node to an index for the given label

procedure

apoc.index.addNodeByName

apoc.index.addNodeByName('name',node,['prop1',…​]) add node to an index for the given name

procedure

apoc.index.addRelationship

apoc.index.addRelationship(rel,['prop1',…​]) add relationship to an index for its type

procedure

apoc.index.addRelationshipByName

apoc.index.addRelationshipByName('name',rel,['prop1',…​]) add relationship to an index for the given name

procedure

apoc.index.removeNodeByName

apoc.index.removeNodeByName('name',node) remove node from an index for the given name

procedure

apoc.index.removeRelationshipByName

apoc.index.removeRelationshipByName('name',rel) remove relationship from an index for the given name

apoc.index.nodes with score

Index Management

Add node to index example
match (p:Person) call apoc.index.addNode(p,["name","age"]) RETURN count(*);
// 129s for 1M People
call apoc.index.nodes('Person','name:name100*') YIELD node, weight return * limit 2

Manual Indexes

Data Used

The below examples use flight data.

Here is a sample subset of the data that can be load to try the procedures:

CREATE (slc:Airport {abbr:'SLC', id:14869, name:'SALT LAKE CITY INTERNATIONAL'})
CREATE (oak:Airport {abbr:'OAK', id:13796, name:'METROPOLITAN OAKLAND INTERNATIONAL'})
CREATE (bur:Airport {abbr:'BUR', id:10800, name:'BOB HOPE'})
CREATE (f2:Flight {flight_num:6147, day:2, month:1, weekday:6, year:2016})
CREATE (f9:Flight {flight_num:6147, day:9, month:1, weekday:6, year:2016})
CREATE (f16:Flight {flight_num:6147, day:16, month:1, weekday:6, year:2016})
CREATE (f23:Flight {flight_num:6147, day:23, month:1, weekday:6, year:2016})
CREATE (f30:Flight {flight_num:6147, day:30, month:1, weekday:6, year:2016})
CREATE (f2)-[:DESTINATION {arr_delay:-13, taxi_time:9}]->(oak)
CREATE (f9)-[:DESTINATION {arr_delay:-8, taxi_time:4}]->(bur)
CREATE (f16)-[:DESTINATION {arr_delay:-30, taxi_time:4}]->(slc)
CREATE (f23)-[:DESTINATION {arr_delay:-21, taxi_time:3}]->(slc)
CREATE (f30)-[:DESTINATION]->(slc)

Using Manual Index on Node Properties

In order to create manual index on a node property, you call apoc.index.addNode with the node, providing the properties to be indexed.

MATCH (a:Airport)
CALL apoc.index.addNode(a,['name'])
RETURN count(*)

The statement will create the node index with the same name as the Label name(s) of the node in this case Airport and add the node by their properties to the index.

Once this has been added check if the node index exists using apoc.index.list.

CALL apoc.index.list()

Usually apoc.index.addNode would be used as part of node-creation, e.g. during LOAD CSV. There is also apoc.index.addNodes for adding a list of multiple nodes at once.

Once the node index is created we can start using it.

Here are some examples:

The apoc.index.nodes finds nodes in a manual index using the given lucene query.

Note
That makes only sense if you combine multiple properties in one lookup or use case insensitive or fuzzy matching full-text queries. In all other cases the built in schema indexes should be used.
CALL apoc.index.nodes('Airport','name:inter*') YIELD node AS airport, weight
RETURN airport.name, weight
LIMIT 10
Note
Apoc index queries not only return nodes and relationships but also a weight, which is the score returned from the underlying Lucene index. The results are also sorted by that score. That’s especially helpful for partial and fuzzy text searches.

To remove the node index Airport created, use:

CALL apoc.index.remove('Airport')

Using Manual Index on Relationship Properties

The procedure apoc.index.addRelationship is used to create a manual index on relationship properties.

As there are no schema indexes for relationships, these manual indexes can be quite useful.

MATCH (:Flight)-[r:DESTINATION]->(:Airport)
CALL apoc.index.addRelationship(r,['taxi_time'])
RETURN count(*)

The statement will create the relationship index with the same name as relationship-type, in this case DESTINATION and add the relationship by its properties to the index.

Using apoc.index.relationships, we can find the relationship of type DESTINATION with the property taxi_time of 11 minutes. We can chose to also return the start and end-node.

CALL apoc.index.relationships('DESTINATION','taxi_time:11') YIELD rel, start AS flight, end AS airport
RETURN flight_num.flight_num, airport.name;
Note
Manual relationship indexed do not only store the relationship by its properties but also the start- and end-node.

That’s why we can use that information to subselect relationships not only by property but also by those nodes, which is quite powerful.

With apoc.index.in we can pin the node with incoming relationships (end-node) to get the start nodes for all the DESTINATION relationships. For instance to find all flights arriving in 'SALT LAKE CITY INTERNATIONAL' with a taxi_time of 7 minutes we’d use:

MATCH (a:Airport {name:'SALT LAKE CITY INTERNATIONAL'})
CALL apoc.index.in(a,'DESTINATION','taxi_time:7') YIELD node AS flight
RETURN flight

The opposite is apoc.index.out, which takes and binds end-nodes and returns start-nodes of relationships.

Really useful to quickly find a subset of relationships between nodes with many relationships (tens of thousands to millions) is apoc.index.between. Here you bind both the start and end-node and provide (or not) properties of the relationships.

MATCH (f:Flight {flight_num:6147})
MATCH (a:Airport {name:'SALT LAKE CITY INTERNATIONAL'})
CALL apoc.index.between(f,'DESTINATION',a,'taxi_time:7') YIELD rel, weight
RETURN *

To remove the relationship index DESTINATION that was created, use.

CALL apoc.index.remove('DESTINATION')

Indexes are used for finding nodes in the graph that further operations can then continue from. Just like in a book where you look at the index to find a section that interest you, and then start reading from there. A full text index allows you to find occurrences of individual words or phrases across all attributes.

In order to use the full text search feature, we have to first index our data by specifying all the attributes we want to index. Here we create a full text index called “locations” (we will use this name when searching in the index) with our data.

Note
by default these fulltext indexes do not automatically track changes you perform in your graph. See …​. for how to enabled automatic index tracking.
CALL apoc.index.addAllNodes('locations',{
  Company: ["name", "description"],
  Person:  ["name","address"],
  Address: ["address"]})

Creating the index will take a little while since the procedure has to read through the entire database to create the index.

We can now use this index to search for nodes in the database. The most simple case would be to search across all data for a particular word.

It does not matter which property that word exists in, any node that has that word in any of its indexed properties will be found.

If you use a name in the call, all occurrences will be found (but limited to 100 results).

CALL apoc.index.search("locations", 'name')

We can further restrict our search to only searching in a particular attribute. In order to search for a Person with an address in France, we use the following.

CALL apoc.index.search("locations", "Person.address:France")

Now we can search for nodes with a specific property value, and then explore their neighbourhoods visually.

But integrating it with an graph query is so much more powerful.

We could for instance search for addresses in the database that contain the word "Paris", and then find all companies registered at those addresses:

CALL apoc.index.search("locations", "Address.address:Paris~") YIELD node AS addr
MATCH (addr)<-[:HAS_ADDRESS]-(company:Company)
RETURN company LIMIT 50

The tilde (~) instructs the index search procedure to do a fuzzy match, allowing us to find "Paris" even if the spelling is slightly off.

We might notice that there are addresses that contain the word “Paris” that are not in Paris, France. For example there might be a Paris Street somewhere.

We can further specify that we want the text to contain both the word Paris, and the word France:

CALL apoc.index.search("locations", "+Address.address:Paris~ +France~")
YIELD node AS addr
MATCH (addr)<-[:HAS_ADDRESS]-(company:Company)
RETURN company LIMIT 50

Complex Searches

Things start to get interesting when we look at how the different entities in Paris are connected to one another. We can do that by finding all the entities with addresses in Paris, then creating all pairs of such entities and finding the shortest path between each such pair:

CALL apoc.index.search("locations", "+Address.address:Paris~ +France~") YIELD node AS addr
MATCH (addr)<-[:HAS_ADDRESS]-(company:Company)
WITH collect(company) AS companies

// create unique pairs
UNWIND companies AS x UNWIND companies AS y
WITH x, y WHERE ID(x) < ID(y)

MATCH path = shortestPath((x)-[*..10]-(y))
RETURN path

For more details on the query syntax used in the second parameter of the search procedure, please see this Lucene query tutorial

Index Configuration

apoc.index.addAllNodes(<name>, <labelPropsMap>, <option>) allows to fine tune your indexes using the options parameter defaulting to an empty map. All standard options for Neo4j manual indexes are allowed plus apoc specific options:

name value description

type

fulltext/exact

type of the index

to_lower_case

false/true

if terms should be converted to lower case before indexing

analyzer

classname

classname of lucene analyzer to be used for this index

similarity

classname

classname for lucene similarity to be used for this index

autoUpdate

true/false

if this index should be tracked for graph updates

Note
An index configuration cannot be changed once the index is created. However subsequent invocations of apoc.index.addAllNodes will delete the index if existing and create it afterwards.

Automatic Index Tracking for Manual Indexes

As mentioned above, apoc.index.addAllNodes() populates an fulltext index. But it does not track changes being made to the graph and reflect these changes to the index. You would have to rebuild that index regularly yourself.

Or alternatively use the automatic index tracking, that keeps the index in sync with your graph changes. To enable this feature a two step configuration approach is required.

Note
Please note that there is a performance impact if you enable automatic index tracking.
in neo4j.conf set
apoc.autoIndex.enabled=true

This global setting will initialize a transaction event handler to take care of reflecting changes of any added nodes, deleted nodes, changed properties to the indexes.

In addition to enable index tracking globally using apoc.autoIndex.enabled each individual index must be configured as "trackable" by setting autoUpdate:true in the options when initially creating an index:

CALL apoc.index.addAllNodes('locations',{
  Company: ["name", "description"],
  Person:  ["name","address"],
  Address: ["address"]}, {autoUpdate:true})

By default index tracking is done synchronously. That means updates to fulltext indexes are part of same transaction as the originating change (e.g. changing a node property). While this guarantees instant consistency it has an impact on performance.

Alternatively, you can decide to perform index updates asynchronously in a separate thread by setting this flag in neo4j.conf

apoc.autoIndex.async=true

With this setting enabled, index updates are fed to a buffer queue that is consumed asynchronously using transaction batches. The batching can be further configured using

apoc.autoIndex.queue_capacity=100000
apoc.autoIndex.async_rollover_opscount=50000
apoc.autoIndex.async_rollover_millis=5000
apoc.autoIndex.tx_handler_stopwatch=false

The values above are the default setting. In this example the index updates are consumed in transactions of maximum 50000 operations or 5000 milliseconds - whichever triggers first will cause the index update transaction to be committed and rolled over.

If apoc.autoIndex.tx_handler_stopwatch is enabled, the time spent in beforeCommit and afterCommit is traced to debug.log. Use this setting only for diagnosis.

A Worked Example on Fulltext Index Tracking

This section provides a small but still usable example to understand automatic index updates.

Make sure apoc.autoIndex.enabled=true is set. First we create some nodes - note there’s no index yet.

UNWIND ["Johnny Walker", "Jim Beam", "Jack Daniels"] as name CREATE (:Person{name:name})

Now we index them:

CALL apoc.index.addAllNodes('people', { Person:["name"]}, {autoUpdate:true})

Check if we can find "Johnny" - we expect one result.

CALL apoc.index.search("people", "Johnny") YIELD node, weight
RETURN node.name, weight

Adding some more people - note, we have another "Johnny":

UNWIND ["Johnny Rotten", "Axel Rose"] as name CREATE (:Person{name:name})

Again we’re search for "Johnny", expecting now two of them:

CALL apoc.index.search("people", "Johnny") YIELD node, weight
RETURN node.name, weight

Utility Functions

Phonetic Text Procedures

The phonetic text (soundex) procedures allow you to compute the soundex encoding of a given string. There is also a procedure to compare how similar two strings sound under the soundex algorithm. All soundex procedures by default assume the used language is US English.

CALL apoc.text.phonetic('Hello, dear User!') YIELD value
RETURN value // will return 'H436'
CALL apoc.text.phoneticDelta('Hello Mr Rabbit', 'Hello Mr Ribbit') // will return '4'  (very similar)

Extract Domain

The User Function apoc.data.domain will take a url or email address and try to determine the domain name. This can be useful to make easier correlations and equality tests between differently formatted email addresses, and between urls to the same domains but specifying different locations.

WITH 'foo@bar.com' AS email
RETURN apoc.data.domain(email) // will return 'bar.com'
WITH 'http://www.example.com/all-the-things' AS url
RETURN apoc.data.domain(url) // will return 'www.example.com'

TimeToLive (TTL) - Expire Nodes

Enable cleanup of expired nodes in neo4j.conf with apoc.ttl.enabled=true

30s after startup an index is created:

CREATE INDEX ON :TTL(ttl)

At startup a statement is scheduled to run every 60s (or configure in neo4j.conf - apoc.ttl.schedule=120)

MATCH (t:TTL) where t.ttl < timestamp() WITH t LIMIT 1000 DETACH DELETE t

The ttl property holds the time when the node is expired in milliseconds since epoch.

You can expire your nodes by setting the :TTL label and the ttl property:

MATCH (n:Foo) WHERE n.bar SET n:TTL, n.ttl = timestamp() + 10000;

There is also a procedure that does the same:

CALL apoc.date.expire(node,time,'time-unit');
CALL apoc.date.expire(n,100,'s');

Date and Time Conversions

(thanks @tkroman)

Conversion between formatted dates and timestamps

  • apoc.date.parse('2015/03/25 03-15-59',['s'],['yyyy/MM/dd HH/mm/ss']) same as previous, but accepts custom datetime format

  • apoc.date.format(12345,['s'], ['yyyy/MM/dd HH/mm/ss']) the same as previous, but accepts custom datetime format

  • possible unit values: ms,s,m,h,d and their long forms.

  • possible time zone values: Either an abbreviation such as PST, a full name such as America/Los_Angeles, or a custom ID such as GMT-8:00. Full names are recommended.

Conversion of timestamps between different time units

  • apoc.date.convert(12345, 'ms', 'd') convert a timestamp in one time unit into one of a different time unit

  • possible unit values: ms,s,m,h,d and their long forms.

Adding/subtracting time unit values to timestamps

  • apoc.date.add(12345, 'ms', -365, 'd') given a timestamp in one time unit, adds a value of the specified time unit

  • possible unit values: ms,s,m,h,d and their long forms.

Current timestamp

apoc.date.currentTimestamp() provides the System.currentTimeMillis which is current throughout transaction execution compared to Cypher’s timestamp() function which does not update within a transaction

Reading separate datetime fields:

Splits date (optionally, using given custom format) into fields returning a map from field name to its value.

RETURN apoc.date.fields('2015-03-25 03:15:59')

Following fields are supported:

Result field Represents

'years'

year

'months'

month of year

'days'

day of month

'hours'

hour of day

'minutes'

minute of hour

'seconds'

second of minute

'zone'

time zone

Examples

RETURN apoc.date.fields('2015-01-02 03:04:05 EET', 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss zzz')
  {
    'weekdays': 5,
    'years': 2015,
    'seconds': 5,
    'zoneid': 'EET',
    'minutes': 4,
    'hours': 3,
    'months': 1,
    'days': 2
  }
RETURN apoc.date.fields('2015/01/02_EET', 'yyyy/MM/dd_z')
  {
    'weekdays': 5,
    'years': 2015,
    'zoneid': 'EET',
    'months': 1,
    'days': 2
  }

Notes on formats:

  • the default format is yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

  • if the format pattern doesn’t specify timezone, formatter considers dates to belong to the UTC timezone

  • if the timezone pattern is specified, the timezone is extracted from the date string, otherwise an error will be reported

  • the to/fromSeconds timestamp values are in POSIX (Unix time) system, i.e. timestamps represent the number of seconds elapsed since 00:00:00 UTC, Thursday, 1 January 1970

  • the full list of supported formats is described in SimpleDateFormat JavaDoc

Number Format Conversions

Conversion between formatted decimals

  • apoc.number.format(number) format a long or double using the default system pattern and language to produce a string

  • apoc.number.format(number, pattern) format a long or double using a pattern and the default system language to produce a string

  • apoc.number.format(number, lang) format a long or double using the default system pattern pattern and a language to produce a string

  • apoc.number.format(number, pattern, lang) format a long or double using a pattern and a language to produce a string

  • apoc.number.parseInt(text) parse a text using the default system pattern and language to produce a long

  • apoc.number.parseInt(text, pattern) parse a text using a pattern and the default system language to produce a long

  • apoc.number.parseInt(text, '', lang) parse a text using the default system pattern and a language to produce a long

  • apoc.number.parseInt(text, pattern, lang) parse a text using a pattern and a language to produce a long

  • apoc.number.parseFloat(text) parse a text using the default system pattern and language to produce a double

  • apoc.number.parseFloat(text, pattern) parse a text using a pattern and the default system language to produce a double

  • apoc.number.parseFloat(text,'',lang) parse a text using the default system pattern and a language to produce a double

  • apoc.number.parseFloat(text, pattern, lang) parse a text using a pattern and a language to produce a double

  • The full list of supported values for pattern and lang params is described in DecimalFormat JavaDoc

Examples

  return apoc.number.format(12345.67) as value

  ╒═════════╕
  │value    │
  ╞═════════╡
  │12,345.67│
  └─────────┘
  return apoc.number.format(12345, '#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)', 'it') as value

  ╒═════════╕
  │value    │
  ╞═════════╡
  │12.345,00│
  └─────────
  return apoc.number.format(12345.67, '#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)', 'it') as value

  ╒═════════╕
  │value    │
  ╞═════════╡
  │12.345,67│
  └─────────┘
  return apoc.number.parseInt('12.345', '#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)', 'it') as value

  ╒═════╕
  │value│
  ╞═════╡
  │12345│
  └─────┘
  return apoc.number.parseFloat('12.345,67', '#,##0.00;(#,##0.00)', 'it') as value

  ╒════════╕
  │value   │
  ╞════════╡
  │12345.67│
  └────────┘
  return apoc.number.format('aaa') as value

  null beacuse 'aaa' isn't a number
  RETURN apoc.number.parseInt('aaa')

  Return null because 'aaa' is unparsable.

Exact

Handle BigInteger And BigDecimal

Statement Description Return type

RETURN apoc.number.exact.add(stringA,stringB)

return the sum’s result of two large numbers

string

RETURN apoc.number.exact.sub(stringA,stringB)

return the substraction’s of two large numbers

string

RETURN apoc.number.exact.mul(stringA,stringB,[prec],[roundingModel]

return the multiplication’s result of two large numbers

string

RETURN apoc.number.exact.div(stringA,stringB,[prec],[roundingModel])

return the division’s result of two large numbers

string

RETURN apoc.number.exact.toInteger(string,[prec],[roundingMode])

return the Integer value of a large number

Integer

RETURN apoc.number.exact.toFloat(string,[prec],[roundingMode])

return the Float value of a large number

Float

RETURN apoc.number.exact.toExact(number)

return the exact value

Integer

  • Possible 'roundingModel' options are UP, DOWN, CEILING, FLOOR, HALF_UP, HALF_DOWN, HALF_EVEN, UNNECESSARY

The prec parameter let us to set the precision of the operation result. The default value is 0 (unlimited precision arithmetic) while for 'roundingModel' the default value is HALF_UP. For other information abouth prec and roundingModel see the documentation of MathContext

For example if we set as prec 2:

  return apoc.number.exact.div('5555.5555','5', 2, 'HALF_DOWN') as value

  ╒═════════╕
  │value    │
  ╞═════════╡
  │  1100   │
  └─────────┘

As a result we have only the first two digits precise. If we set 8 we have all the result precise

  return apoc.number.exact.div('5555.5555','5', 8, 'HALF_DOWN') as value

  ╒═════════╕
  │value    │
  ╞═════════╡
  │1111.1111│
  └─────────┘

All the functions accept as input the scientific notation as 1E6, for example:

  return apoc.number.exact.add('1E6','1E6') as value

  ╒═════════╕
  │value    │
  ╞═════════╡
  │ 2000000 │
  └─────────┘

For other information see the documentation about BigDecimal and BigInteger

Graph Algorithms

Algorithm Procedures

Community Detection via Label Propagation

APOC includes a simple procedure for label propagation. It may be used to detect communities or solve other graph partitioning problems. The following example shows how it may be used.

The example call with scan all nodes 25 times. During a scan the procedure will look at all outgoing relationships of type :X for each node n. For each of these relationships, it will compute a weight and use that as a vote for the other node’s 'partition' property value. Finally, n.partition is set to the property value that acquired the most votes.

Weights are computed by multiplying the relationship weight with the weight of the other nodes. Both weights are taken from the 'weight' property; if no such property is found, the weight is assumed to be 1.0. Similarly, if no 'weight' property key was specified, all weights are assumed to be 1.0.

CALL apoc.algo.community(25,null,'partition','X','OUTGOING','weight',10000)

The second argument is a list of label names and may be used to restrict which nodes are scanned.

Expand paths

Expand from start node following the given relationships from min to max-level adhering to the label filters. Several variations exist:

apoc.path.expand() expands paths using Cypher’s default expansion modes (bfs and 'RELATIONSHIP_PATH' uniqueness)

apoc.path.expandConfig() allows more flexible configuration of parameters and expansion modes

apoc.path.subgraphNodes() expands to nodes of a subgraph

apoc.path.subgraphAll() expands to nodes of a subgraph and also returns all relationships in the subgraph

apoc.path.spanningTree() expands to paths collectively forming a spanning tree

Expand

CALL apoc.path.expand(startNode <id>|Node, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, minLevel, maxLevel )

CALL apoc.path.expand(startNode <id>|Node|list, 'TYPE|TYPE_OUT>|<TYPE_IN', '+YesLabel|-NoLabel|/TerminationLabel|>EndNodeLabel', minLevel, maxLevel ) yield path
Relationship Filter

Syntax: [<]RELATIONSHIP_TYPE1[>]|[<]RELATIONSHIP_TYPE2[>]|…​

input type direction

LIKES>

LIKES

OUTGOING

<FOLLOWS

FOLLOWS

INCOMING

KNOWS

KNOWS

BOTH

Label Filter

Syntax: [+-/>]LABEL1|LABEL2|…​

As of APOC 3.1.3.x multiple label filter operations are allowed.

In prior versions, only one type of operation is allowed in the label filter (+ or - or / or >, never more than one).

With APOC 3.2.x.x, label filters will no longer apply to starting nodes of the expansion by default.

input label result

-Foe

Foe

blacklist filter - No node in the path will have a label in the blacklist.

+Friend

Friend

whitelist filter - All nodes in the path must have a label in the whitelist (exempting termination and end nodes, if using those filters).

If no whitelist operator is present, all labels are considered whitelisted.

/Friend

Friend

termination filter - Only return paths up to a node of the given labels, and stop further expansion beyond it.

Termination nodes do not have to respect the whitelist. Termination filtering takes precedence over end node filtering.

>Friend

Friend

end node filter - Only return paths up to a node of the given labels, but continue expansion to match on end nodes beyond it.

End nodes do not have to respect the whitelist to be returned, but expansion beyond them is only allowed if the node has a label in the whitelist.

Examples
call apoc.path.expand(1,"ACTED_IN>|PRODUCED<|FOLLOWS<","+Movie|Person",0,3)
call apoc.path.expand(1,"ACTED_IN>|PRODUCED<|FOLLOWS<","-BigBrother",0,3)
call apoc.path.expand(1,"ACTED_IN>|PRODUCED<|FOLLOWS<","",0,3)

// combined with cypher:

match (tom:Person {name :"Tom Hanks"})
call apoc.path.expand(tom,"ACTED_IN>|PRODUCED<|FOLLOWS<","+Movie|Person",0,3) yield path as pp
return pp;

// or

match (p:Person) with p limit 3
call apoc.path.expand(p,"ACTED_IN>|PRODUCED<|FOLLOWS<","+Movie|Person",1,2) yield path as pp
return p, pp
Termination and end node label filter example

We will first set a :Western label on some nodes.

match (p:Person)
where p.name in ['Clint Eastwood', 'Gene Hackman']
set p:Western

Now expand from 'Keanu Reeves' to all :Western nodes with a termination filter:

match (k:Person {name:'Keanu Reeves'})
call apoc.path.expandConfig(k, {relationshipFilter:'ACTED_IN|PRODUCED|DIRECTED', labelFilter:'/Western', uniqueness: 'NODE_GLOBAL'}) yield path
return path

The one returned path only matches up to 'Gene Hackman'. While there is a path from 'Keanu Reeves' to 'Clint Eastwood' through 'Gene Hackman', no further expansion is permitted through a node in the termination filter.

If you didn’t want to stop expansion on reaching 'Gene Hackman', and wanted 'Clint Eastwood' returned as well, use the end node filter instead (>).

Label filter operator precedence and behavior

As of APOC 3.1.3.x, multiple label filter operators are allowed at the same time.

When processing the labelFilter string, once a filter operator is introduced, it remains the active filter until another filter supplants it.

In the following example, :Person and :Movie labels are whitelisted, :SciFi is blacklisted, with :Western acting as an end node label, and :Romance acting as a termination label.

…​ labelFilter:'+Person|Movie|-SciFi|>Western|/Romance' …​

The precedence of operator evaluation isn’t dependent upon their location in the labelFilter but is fixed:

Blacklist filter -, termination filter /, end node filter >, whitelist filter +.

The consequences are as follows:

  • No blacklisted label - will ever be present in the nodes of paths returned, no matter if the same label (or another label of a node with a blacklisted label) is included in another filter list.

  • If the termination filter / or end node filter > is used, then only paths up to nodes with those labels will be returned as results. These end nodes are exempt from the whitelist filter.

  • If a node is a termination node /, no further expansion beyond the node will occur.

  • If a node is an end node >, expansion beyond that node will only occur if the end node has a label in the whitelist. This is to prevent returning paths to nodes where a node on that path violates the whitelist.

  • The whitelist only applies to nodes up to but not including end nodes from the termination or end node filters. If no end node or termination node operators are present, then the whitelist applies to all nodes of the path.

  • If no whitelist operators are present in the labelFilter, this is treated as if all labels are whitelisted.

  • If filterStartNode is false (which will be default in APOC 3.2.x.x), then the start node is exempt from the label filter.

Expand with Config

apoc.path.expandConfig(startNode <id>Node/list, {config}) yield path expands from start nodes using the given configuration and yields the resulting paths

Takes an additional map parameter, config, to provide configuration options:

Config
{minLevel: -1|number,
 maxLevel: -1|number,
 relationshipFilter: '[<]RELATIONSHIP_TYPE1[>]|[<]RELATIONSHIP_TYPE2[>]|...',
 labelFilter: '[+-/>]LABEL1|LABEL2|...',
 uniqueness: RELATIONSHIP_PATH|NONE|NODE_GLOBAL|NODE_LEVEL|NODE_PATH|NODE_RECENT|
             RELATIONSHIP_GLOBAL|RELATIONSHIP_LEVEL|RELATIONSHIP_RECENT,
 bfs: true|false,
 filterStartNode: true|false,
 limit: -1|number,
 optional: true|false}
Start Node and label filters

The config parameter filterStartNode defines whether or not the labelFilter applies to the start node of the expansion.

Use filterStartNode = false when you want your label filter to only apply to all other nodes in the path, ignoring the start node.

filterStartNode defaults for all path expander procedures:

version default

>= APOC 3.2.x.x

filterStartNode = false

< APOC 3.2.x.x

filterStartNode = true

Limit

Only when using the termination label filter / or end node filter >, you can use the limit config parameter to limit the number of paths returned.

When using bfs:true (which is the default for all expand procedures), this has the effect of returning paths to the n nearest nodes with labels in the termination or end node filter, where n is the limit given.

The default limit value, -1, means no limit.

If you want to make sure multiple paths should never match to the same node, use expandConfig() with 'NODE_GLOBAL' uniqueness, or any expand procedure which already uses this uniqueness (subgraphNodes(), subgraphAll(), and spanningTree()).

Optional

When optional is set to true, the path expansion is optional, much like an OPTIONAL MATCH, so a null value is yielded whenever the expansion would normally eliminate rows due to no results.

By default optional is false for all expansion procedures taking a config parameter.

Uniqueness

Uniqueness of nodes and relationships guides the expansion and the results returned. Uniqueness is only configurable using expandConfig().

subgraphNodes(), subgraphAll(), and spanningTree() all use 'NODE_GLOBAL' uniqueness.

value description

RELATIONSHIP_PATH

For each returned node there’s a (relationship wise) unique path from the start node to it. This is Cypher’s default expansion mode.

NODE_GLOBAL

A node cannot be traversed more than once. This is what the legacy traversal framework does.

NODE_LEVEL

Entities on the same level are guaranteed to be unique.

NODE_PATH

For each returned node there’s a unique path from the start node to it.

NODE_RECENT

This is like NODE_GLOBAL, but only guarantees uniqueness among the most recent visited nodes, with a configurable count. Traversing a huge graph is quite memory intensive in that it keeps track of all the nodes it has visited. For huge graphs a traverser can hog all the memory in the JVM, causing OutOfMemoryError. Together with this Uniqueness you can supply a count, which is the number of most recent visited nodes. This can cause a node to be visited more than once, but scales infinitely.

RELATIONSHIP_GLOBAL

A relationship cannot be traversed more than once, whereas nodes can.

RELATIONSHIP_LEVEL

Entities on the same level are guaranteed to be unique.

RELATIONSHIP_RECENT

Same as for NODE_RECENT, but for relationships.

NONE

No restriction (the user will have to manage it)

Examples

You can turn this cypher query:

MATCH (user:User) WHERE user.id = 460
MATCH (user)-[:RATED]->(movie)<-[:RATED]-(collab)-[:RATED]->(reco)
RETURN count(*);

into this procedure call, with changed semantics for uniqueness and bfs (which is Cypher’s expand mode)

MATCH (user:User) WHERE user.id = 460
CALL apoc.path.expandConfig(user,{relationshipFilter:"RATED",minLevel:3,maxLevel:3,bfs:false,uniqueness:"NONE"}) YIELD path
RETURN count(*);

Expand to nodes in a subgraph

apoc.path.subgraphNodes(startNode <id>Node/list, {maxLevel, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, bfs:true, filterStartNode:true, limit:-1, optional:false}) yield node

Expand to subgraph nodes reachable from the start node following relationships to max-level adhering to the label filters.

Accepts the same config values as in expandConfig(), though uniqueness and minLevel are not configurable.

Examples

Expand to all nodes of a connected subgraph:

MATCH (user:User) WHERE user.id = 460
CALL apoc.path.subgraphNodes(user, {}) YIELD node
RETURN node;

Expand to all nodes reachable by :FRIEND relationships:

MATCH (user:User) WHERE user.id = 460
CALL apoc.path.subgraphNodes(user, {relationshipFilter:'FRIEND'}) YIELD node
RETURN node;

Expand to a subgraph and return all nodes and relationships within the subgraph

apoc.path.subgraphAll(startNode <id>Node/list, {maxLevel, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, bfs:true, filterStartNode:true, limit:-1}) yield nodes, relationships

Expand to subgraph nodes reachable from the start node following relationships to max-level adhering to the label filters. Returns the collection of nodes in the subgraph, and the collection of relationships between all subgraph nodes.

Accepts the same config values as in expandConfig(), though uniqueness and minLevel are not configurable.

The optional config value isn’t needed, as empty lists are yielded if there are no results, so rows are never eliminated.

Example

Expand to local subgraph (and all its relationships) within 4 traversals:

MATCH (user:User) WHERE user.id = 460
CALL apoc.path.subgraphAll(user, {maxLevel:4}) YIELD nodes, relationships
RETURN nodes, relationships;

Expand a spanning tree

apoc.path.spanningTree(startNode <id>Node/list, {maxLevel, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, bfs:true, filterStartNode:true, limit:-1, optional:false}) yield path

Expand a spanning tree reachable from start node following relationships to max-level adhering to the label filters. The paths returned collectively form a spanning tree.

Accepts the same config values as in expandConfig(), though uniqueness and minLevel are not configurable.

Example

Expand a spanning tree of all contiguous :User nodes:

MATCH (user:User) WHERE user.id = 460
CALL apoc.path.spanningTree(user, {labelFilter:'+User'}) YIELD path
RETURN path;

Centrality Algorithms

Setup

Let’s create some test data to run the Centrality algorithms on.

// create 100 nodes
FOREACH (id IN range(0,1000) | CREATE (:Node {id:id}))

// over the cross product (1M) create 100.000 relationships
MATCH (n1:Node),(n2:Node) WITH n1,n2 LIMIT 1000000 WHERE rand() < 0.1

CREATE (n1)-[:TYPE]->(n2)

Closeness Centrality Procedure

Centrality is an indicator of a node’s influence in a graph. In graphs there is a natural distance metric between pairs of nodes, defined by the length of their shortest paths. For both algorithms below we can measure based upon the direction of the relationship, whereby the 3rd argument represents the direction and can be of value BOTH, INCOMING, OUTGOING.

Closeness Centrality defines the farness of a node as the sum of its distances from all other nodes, and its closeness as the reciprocal of farness.

The more central a node is the lower its total distance from all other nodes.

Complexity: This procedure uses a BFS shortest path algorithm. With BFS the complexes becomes O(n * m) Caution: Due to the complexity of this algorithm it is recommended to run it on only the nodes you are interested in.

MATCH (node:Node)
WHERE node.id %2 = 0
WITH collect(node) AS nodes
CALL apoc.algo.closeness(['TYPE'],nodes,'INCOMING') YIELD node, score
RETURN node, score
ORDER BY score DESC

Betweenness Centrality Procedure

The procedure will compute betweenness centrality as defined by Linton C. Freeman (1977) using the algorithm by Ulrik Brandes (2001). Centrality is an indicator of a node’s influence in a graph.

Betweenness Centrality is equal to the number of shortest paths from all nodes to all others that pass through that node.

High centrality suggests a large influence on the transfer of items through the graph.

Centrality is applicable to numerous domains, including: social networks, biology, transport and scientific cooperation.

Complexity: This procedure uses a BFS shortest path algorithm. With BFS the complexes becomes O(n * m) Caution: Due to the complexity of this algorithm it is recommended to run it on only the nodes you are interested in.

MATCH (node:Node)
WHERE node.id %2 = 0
WITH collect(node) AS nodes
CALL apoc.algo.betweenness(['TYPE'],nodes,'BOTH') YIELD node, score
RETURN node, score
ORDER BY score DESC

PageRank Algorithm

Setup

Let’s create some test data to run the PageRank algorithm on.

// create 100 nodes
FOREACH (id IN range(0,1000) | CREATE (:Node {id:id}))

// over the cross product (1M) create 100.000 relationships
MATCH (n1:Node),(n2:Node) WITH n1,n2 LIMIT 1000000 WHERE rand() < 0.1

CREATE (n1)-[:TYPE_1]->(n2)

PageRank Procedure

PageRank is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank websites in their search engine results.

It is a way of measuring the importance of nodes in a graph.

PageRank counts the number and quality of relationships to a node to approximate the importance of that node.

PageRank assumes that more important nodes likely have more relationships.

Caution: nodes specifies the nodes for which a PageRank score will be projected, but the procedure will always compute the PageRank algorithm on the entire graph. At present, there is no way to filter/reduce the number of elements that PageRank computes over.

A future version of this procedure will provide the option of computing PageRank on a subset of the graph.

MATCH (node:Node)
WHERE node.id %2 = 0
WITH collect(node) AS nodes
// compute over relationships of all types
CALL apoc.algo.pageRank(nodes) YIELD node, score
RETURN node, score
ORDER BY score DESC
MATCH (node:Node)
WHERE node.id %2 = 0
WITH collect(node) AS nodes
// only compute over relationships of types TYPE_1 or TYPE_2
CALL apoc.algo.pageRankWithConfig(nodes,{types:'TYPE_1|TYPE_2'}) YIELD node, score
RETURN node, score
ORDER BY score DESC
MATCH (node:Node)
WHERE node.id %2 = 0
WITH collect(node) AS nodes
// peroform 10 page rank iterations, computing only over relationships of type TYPE_1
CALL apoc.algo.pageRankWithConfig(nodes,{iterations:10,types:'TYPE_1'}) YIELD node, score
RETURN node, score
ORDER BY score DESC

Spatial

Spatial Functions

The spatial procedures are intended to enable geographic capabilities on your data.

geocode

The first procedure geocode which will convert a textual address into a location containing latitude, longitude and description. Despite being only a single function, together with the built-in functions point and distance we can achieve quite powerful results.

First, how can we use the procedure:

CALL apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce('21 rue Paul Bellamy 44000 NANTES FRANCE') YIELD location
RETURN location.latitude, location.longitude // will return 47.2221667, -1.5566624

There are two forms of the procedure:

  • geocodeOnce(address) returns zero or one result

  • geocode(address,maxResults) returns zero, one or more up to maxResults

This is because the backing geocoding service (OSM, Google, OpenCage or other) might return multiple results for the same query. GeocodeOnce() is designed to return the first, or highest ranking result.

Configuring Geocode

There are a few options that can be set in the neo4j.conf file to control the service:

  • apoc.spatial.geocode.provider=osm (osm, google, opencage, etc.)

  • apoc.spatial.geocode.osm.throttle=5000 (ms to delay between queries to not overload OSM servers)

  • apoc.spatial.geocode.google.throttle=1 (ms to delay between queries to not overload Google servers)

  • apoc.spatial.geocode.google.key=xxxx (API key for google geocode access)

  • apoc.spatial.geocode.google.client=xxxx (client code for google geocode access)

  • apoc.spatial.geocode.google.signature=xxxx (client signature for google geocode access)

For google, you should use either a key or a combination of client and signature. Read more about this on the google page for geocode access at https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geocoding/get-api-key#key

Configuring Custom Geocode Provider

For any provider that is not 'osm' or 'google' you get a configurable supplier that requires two additional settings, 'url' and 'key'. The 'url' must contain the two words 'PLACE' and 'KEY'. The 'KEY' will be replaced with the key you get from the provider when you register for the service. The 'PLACE' will be replaced with the address to geocode when the procedure is called.

For example, to get the service working with OpenCage, perform the following steps:

apoc.spatial.geocode.provider=opencage
apoc.spatial.geocode.opencage.key=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
apoc.spatial.geocode.opencage.url=http://api.opencagedata.com/geocode/v1/json?q=PLACE&key=KEY
  • make sure that the 'XXXXXXX' part above is replaced with your actual key

  • Restart the Neo4j server and then test the geocode procedures to see that they work

  • If you are unsure if the provider is correctly configured try verify with:

CALL apoc.spatial.showConfig()

Using Geocode within a bigger Cypher query

A more complex, or useful, example which geocodes addresses found in properties of nodes:

MATCH (a:Place)
WHERE exists(a.address)
CALL apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce(a.address) YIELD location
RETURN location.latitude AS latitude, location.longitude AS longitude, location.description AS description

Calculating distance between locations

If we wish to calculate the distance between addresses, we need to use the point() function to convert latitude and longitude to Cyper Point types, and then use the distance() function to calculate the distance:

WITH point({latitude: 48.8582532, longitude: 2.294287}) AS eiffel
MATCH (a:Place)
WHERE exists(a.address)
CALL apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce(a.address) YIELD location
WITH location, distance(point(location), eiffel) AS distance
WHERE distance < 5000
RETURN location.description AS description, distance
ORDER BY distance
LIMIT 100
sortPathsByDistance

The second procedure enables you to sort a given collection of paths by the sum of their distance based on lat/long properties on the nodes.

Sample data :

CREATE (bruges:City {name:"bruges", latitude: 51.2605829, longitude: 3.0817189})
CREATE (brussels:City {name:"brussels", latitude: 50.854954, longitude: 4.3051786})
CREATE (paris:City {name:"paris", latitude: 48.8588376, longitude: 2.2773455})
CREATE (dresden:City {name:"dresden", latitude: 51.0767496, longitude: 13.6321595})
MERGE (bruges)-[:NEXT]->(brussels)
MERGE (brussels)-[:NEXT]->(dresden)
MERGE (brussels)-[:NEXT]->(paris)
MERGE (bruges)-[:NEXT]->(paris)
MERGE (paris)-[:NEXT]->(dresden)

Finding paths and sort them by distance

MATCH (a:City {name:'bruges'}), (b:City {name:'dresden'})
MATCH p=(a)-[*]->(b)
WITH collect(p) as paths
CALL apoc.spatial.sortPathsByDistance(paths) YIELD path, distance
RETURN path, distance

Graph Refactoring

In order not to have to repeatedly geocode the same thing in multiple queries, especially if the database will be used by many people, it might be a good idea to persist the results in the database so that subsequent calls can use the saved results.

Geocode and persist the result

MATCH (a:Place)
WHERE exists(a.address) AND NOT exists(a.latitude)
WITH a LIMIT 1000
CALL apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce(a.address) YIELD location
SET a.latitude = location.latitude
SET a.longitude = location.longitude

Note that the above command only geocodes the first 1000 ‘Place’ nodes that have not already been geocoded. This query can be run multiple times until all places are geocoded. Why would we want to do this? Two good reasons:

  • The geocoding service is a public service that can throttle or blacklist sites that hit the service too heavily, so controlling how much we do is useful.

  • The transaction is updating the database, and it is wise not to update the database with too many things in the same transaction, to avoid using up too much memory. This trick will keep the memory usage very low.

Now make use of the results in distance queries

WITH point({latitude: 48.8582532, longitude: 2.294287}) AS eiffel
MATCH (a:Place)
WHERE exists(a.latitude) AND exists(a.longitude)
WITH a, distance(point(a), eiffel) AS distance
WHERE distance < 5000
RETURN a.name, distance
ORDER BY distance
LIMIT 100

Combining spatial and date-time functions can allow for more complex queries:

WITH point({latitude: 48.8582532, longitude: 2.294287}) AS eiffel
MATCH (e:Event)
WHERE exists(e.address) AND exists(e.datetime)
CALL apoc.spatial.geocodeOnce(e.address) YIELD location
WITH e, location,
distance(point(location), eiffel) AS distance,
            (apoc.date.parse('2016-06-01 00:00:00','h') - apoc.date.parse(e.datetime,'h'))/24.0 AS days_before_due
WHERE distance < 5000 AND days_before_due < 14 AND apoc.date.parse(e.datetime,'h') < apoc.date.parse('2016-06-01 00:00:00','h')
RETURN e.name AS event, e.datetime AS date,
location.description AS description, distance
ORDER BY distance

Data Integration

Load JSON

Load JSON

Web APIs are a huge opportunity to access and integrate data from any sources with your graph. Most of them provide the data as JSON.

With apoc.load.json you can retrieve data from URLs and turn it into map value(s) for Cypher to consume. Cypher is pretty good at deconstructing nested documents with dot syntax, slices, UNWIND etc. so it is easy to turn nested data into graphs.

Sources with multiple JSON objects in a stream are also supported, like the streaming Twitter format or the Yelp Kaggle dataset.

Json-Path

Most of the apoc.load.json and apoc.convert.*Json procedures and functions now accept a json-path as last argument.

Here is some syntax, there are more examples at the links above.

$.store.book[0].title

Table 2. Operators
Operator Description

$

The root element to query. This starts all path expressions.

@

The current node being processed by a filter predicate.

*

Wildcard. Available anywhere a name or numeric are required.

..

Deep scan. Available anywhere a name is required.

.<name>

Dot-notated child

['<name>' (,'<name>')]

Bracket-notated child or children

[<number> (,<number>)]

Array index or indexes

[start:end]

Array slice operator

[?(<expression>)]

Filter expression. Expression must evaluate to a boolean value.

If used, this path is applied to the json and can be used to extract sub-documents and -values before handing the result to Cypher, resulting in shorter statements with complex nested JSON.

There is also a direct apoc.json.path(json,path) function.

Load JSON StackOverflow Example

There have been articles before about loading JSON from Web-APIs like StackOverflow.

With apoc.load.json it’s now very easy to load JSON data from any file or URL.

If the result is a JSON object is returned as a singular map. Otherwise if it was an array is turned into a stream of maps.

The URL for retrieving the last questions and answers of the neo4j tag is this:

Now it can be used from within Cypher directly, let’s first introspect the data that is returned.

JSON data from StackOverflow
WITH "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions?pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&tagged=neo4j&site=stackoverflow&filter=!5-i6Zw8Y)4W7vpy91PMYsKM-k9yzEsSC1_Uxlf" AS url
CALL apoc.load.json(url) YIELD value
UNWIND value.items AS item
RETURN item.title, item.owner, item.creation_date, keys(item)
apoc.load.json.so
Question authors from StackOverflow using json-path
WITH "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions?pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&tagged=neo4j&site=stackoverflow&filter=!5-i6Zw8Y)4W7vpy91PMYsKM-k9yzEsSC1_Uxlf" AS url
CALL apoc.load.json(url,'$.items.owner.name') YIELD value
RETURN name, count(*);

Combined with the cypher query from the original blog post it’s easy to create the full Neo4j graph of those entities.

Graph data created via loading JSON from StackOverflow
WITH "https://api.stackexchange.com/2.2/questions?pagesize=100&order=desc&sort=creation&tagged=neo4j&site=stackoverflow&filter=!5-i6Zw8Y)4W7vpy91PMYsKM-k9yzEsSC1_Uxlf" AS url
CALL apoc.load.json(url) YIELD value
UNWIND value.items AS q
MERGE (question:Question {id:q.question_id}) ON CREATE
  SET question.title = q.title, question.share_link = q.share_link, question.favorite_count = q.favorite_count

MERGE (owner:User {id:q.owner.user_id}) ON CREATE SET owner.display_name = q.owner.display_name
MERGE (owner)-[:ASKED]->(question)

FOREACH (tagName IN q.tags | MERGE (tag:Tag {name:tagName}) MERGE (question)-[:TAGGED]->(tag))
FOREACH (a IN q.answers |
   MERGE (question)<-[:ANSWERS]-(answer:Answer {id:a.answer_id})
   MERGE (answerer:User {id:a.owner.user_id}) ON CREATE SET answerer.display_name = a.owner.display_name
   MERGE (answer)<-[:PROVIDED]-(answerer)
)
apoc.load.json so result

Load JSON from Twitter (with additional parameters)

With apoc.load.jsonParams you can send additional headers or payload with your JSON GET request, e.g. for the Twitter API:

Configure Bearer and Twitter Search Url token in neo4j.conf

apoc.static.twitter.bearer=XXXX
apoc.static.twitter.url=https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json?count=100&result_type=recent&lang=en&q=
Twitter Search via Cypher
CALL apoc.static.getAll("twitter") yield value AS twitter
CALL apoc.load.jsonParams(twitter.url + "oscon+OR+neo4j+OR+%23oscon+OR+%40neo4j",{Authorization:"Bearer "+twitter.bearer},null) yield value
UNWIND value.statuses as status
WITH status, status.user as u, status.entities as e
RETURN status.id, status.text, u.screen_name, [t IN e.hashtags | t.text] as tags, e.symbols, [m IN e.user_mentions | m.screen_name] as mentions, [u IN e.urls | u.expanded_url] as urls

GeoCoding Example

Example for reverse geocoding and determining the route from one to another location.

WITH
        "21 rue Paul Bellamy 44000 NANTES FRANCE" AS fromAddr,
        "125 rue du docteur guichard 49000 ANGERS FRANCE" AS toAddr

call apoc.load.json("http://www.yournavigation.org/transport.php?url=http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search&format=json&q=" + replace(fromAddr, ' ', '%20')) YIELD value AS from

WITH from, toAddr  LIMIT 1

call apoc.load.json("http://www.yournavigation.org/transport.php?url=http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/search&format=json&q=" + replace(toAddr, ' ', '%20')) YIELD value AS to

CALL apoc.load.json("https://router.project-osrm.org/viaroute?instructions=true&alt=true&z=17&loc=" + from.lat + "," + from.lon + "&loc=" + to.lat + "," + to.lon ) YIELD value AS doc

UNWIND doc.route_instructions as instruction

RETURN instruction

Load JDBC

Overview: Database Integration

Data Integration is an important topic. Reading data from relational databases to create and augment data models is a very helpful exercise.

With apoc.load.jdbc you can access any database that provides a JDBC driver, and execute queries whose results are turned into streams of rows. Those rows can then be used to update or create graph structures.

type qualified name description

procedure

apoc.load.csv

apoc.load.csv('url',{config}) YIELD lineNo, list, map - load CSV fom URL as stream of values, config contains any of: {skip:1,limit:5,header:false,sep:'TAB',ignore:['tmp'],arraySep:';',mapping:{years:{type:'int',arraySep:'-',array:false,name:'age',ignore:false}}

procedure

apoc.load.ldap

apoc.load.ldap("key" or {connectionMap},{searchMap}) Load entries from an ldap source (yield entry)

apoc jdbc northwind load

To simplify the JDBC URL syntax and protect credentials, you can configure aliases in conf/neo4j.conf:

apoc.jdbc.myDB.url=jdbc:derby:derbyDB
CALL apoc.load.jdbc('jdbc:derby:derbyDB','PERSON')

becomes

CALL apoc.load.jdbc('myDB','PERSON')

The 3rd value in the apoc.jdbc.<alias>.url= effectively defines an alias to be used in apoc.load.jdbc('<alias>',…​.

MySQL Example

Northwind is a common example set for relational databases, which is also covered in our import guides, e.g. :play northwind graph in the Neo4j browser.

MySQL Northwind Data
select count(*) from products;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|       77 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0,00 sec)
describe products;
+-----------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field           | Type          | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-----------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| ProductID       | int(11)       | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| ProductName     | varchar(40)   | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| SupplierID      | int(11)       | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
| CategoryID      | int(11)       | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
| QuantityPerUnit | varchar(20)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| UnitPrice       | decimal(10,4) | YES  |     | 0.0000  |                |
| UnitsInStock    | smallint(2)   | YES  |     | 0       |                |
| UnitsOnOrder    | smallint(2)   | YES  |     | 0       |                |
| ReorderLevel    | smallint(2)   | YES  |     | 0       |                |
| Discontinued    | bit(1)        | NO   |     | b'0'    |                |
+-----------------+---------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
10 rows in set (0,00 sec)

Load JDBC Examples

Load the JDBC driver
cypher CALL apoc.load.driver("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Count rows in products table
with "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/northwind?user=root" as url
cypher CALL apoc.load.jdbc(url,"products") YIELD row
RETURN count(*);
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 77       |
+----------+
1 row
23 ms
Return row from products table
with "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/northwind?user=root" as url
cypher CALL apoc.load.jdbc(url,"products") YIELD row
RETURN row limit 1;
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| row                                                                            |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {UnitPrice -> 18.0000, UnitsOnOrder -> 0, CategoryID -> 1, UnitsInStock -> 39} |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row
10 ms
apoc load jdbc

Load JDBC with params Examples

with "select firstname, lastname from employees where firstname like ? and lastname like ?" as sql
cypher call apoc.load.jdbcParams("northwind", sql, ['F%', '%w']) yield row
return row

JDBC pretends positional "?" for parameters, so the third apoc parameter has to be an array with values coherent with that positions. In case of 2 parameters, firstname and lastname ['firstname-position','lastname-position']

Load data in transactional batches

You can load data from jdbc and create/update the graph using the query results in batches (and in parallel).

CALL apoc.periodic.iterate('
call apoc.load.jdbc("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/northwind?user=root","company")',
'CREATE (p:Person) SET p += value', {batchSize:10000, parallel:true})
RETURN batches, total

Cassandra Example

Setup Song database as initial dataset

curl -OL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-cassandra-connector/master/db_gen/playlist.cql
curl -OL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-cassandra-connector/master/db_gen/artists.csv
curl -OL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-cassandra-connector/master/db_gen/songs.csv
$CASSANDRA_HOME/bin/cassandra
$CASSANDRA_HOME/bin/cqlsh -f playlist.cql

Download the Cassandra JDBC Wrapper, and put it into your $NEO4J_HOME/plugins directory. Add this config option to $NEO4J_HOME/conf/neo4j.conf to make it easier to interact with the cassandra instance.

Add to conf/neo4j.conf
apoc.jdbc.cassandra_songs.url=jdbc:cassandra://localhost:9042/playlist

Restart the server.

Now you can inspect the data in Cassandra with.

CALL apoc.load.jdbc('cassandra_songs','artists_by_first_letter') yield row
RETURN count(*);
╒════════╕
│count(*)│
╞════════╡
│3605    │
└────────┘
CALL apoc.load.jdbc('cassandra_songs','artists_by_first_letter') yield row
RETURN row LIMIT 5;
CALL apoc.load.jdbc('cassandra_songs','artists_by_first_letter') yield row
RETURN row.first_letter, row.artist LIMIT 5;
╒════════════════╤═══════════════════════════════╕
│row.first_letter│row.artist                     │
╞════════════════╪═══════════════════════════════╡
│C               │C.W. Stoneking                 │
├────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│C               │CH2K                           │
├────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│C               │CHARLIE HUNTER WITH LEON PARKER│
├────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│C               │Calvin Harris                  │
├────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┤
│C               │Camané                         │
└────────────────┴───────────────────────────────┘

Let’s create some graph data, we have a look at the track_by_artist table, which contains about 60k records.

CALL apoc.load.jdbc('cassandra_songs','track_by_artist') yield row RETURN count(*);
CALL apoc.load.jdbc('cassandra_songs','track_by_artist') yield row
RETURN row LIMIT 5;
CALL apoc.load.jdbc('cassandra_songs','track_by_artist') yield row
RETURN row.track_id, row.track_length_in_seconds, row.track, row.music_file, row.genre, row.artist, row.starred LIMIT 2;
╒════════════════════════════════════╤══════╤════════════════╤══════════════════╤═════════╤════════════════════════════╤═══════════╕
│row.track_id                        │length│row.track       │row.music_file    │row.genre│row.artist                  │row.starred│
╞════════════════════════════════════╪══════╪════════════════╪══════════════════╪═════════╪════════════════════════════╪═══════════╡
│c0693b1e-0eaa-4e81-b23f-b083db303842│219   │1913 Massacre   │TRYKHMD128F934154C│folk     │Woody Guthrie & Jack Elliott│false      │
├────────────────────────────────────┼──────┼────────────────┼──────────────────┼─────────┼────────────────────────────┼───────────┤
│7d114937-0bc7-41c7-8e0c-94b5654ac77f│178   │Alabammy Bound  │TRMQLPV128F934152B│folk     │Woody Guthrie & Jack Elliott│false      │
└────────────────────────────────────┴──────┴────────────────┴──────────────────┴─────────┴────────────────────────────┴───────────┘

Let’s create some indexes and constraints, note that other indexes and constraints will be dropped by this.

CALL apoc.schema.assert(
  {Track:['title','length']},
  {Artist:['name'],Track:['id'],Genre:['name']});
╒════════════╤═══════╤══════╤═══════╕
│label       │key    │unique│action │
╞════════════╪═══════╪══════╪═══════╡
│Track       │title  │false │CREATED│
├────────────┼───────┼──────┼───────┤
│Track       │length │false │CREATED│
├────────────┼───────┼──────┼───────┤
│Artist      │name   │true  │CREATED│
├────────────┼───────┼──────┼───────┤
│Genre       │name   │true  │CREATED│
├────────────┼───────┼──────┼───────┤
│Track       │id     │true  │CREATED│
└────────────┴───────┴──────┴───────┘
CALL apoc.load.jdbc('cassandra_songs','track_by_artist') yield row
MERGE (a:Artist {name:row.artist})
MERGE (g:Genre {name:row.genre})
CREATE (t:Track {id:toString(row.track_id), title:row.track, length:row.track_length_in_seconds})
CREATE (a)-[:PERFORMED]->(t)
CREATE (t)-[:GENRE]->(g);
Added 63213 labels, created 63213 nodes, set 182413 properties, created 119200 relationships, statement executed in 40076 ms.

LOAD JDBC - Resources

To use other JDBC drivers use these download links and JDBC URL. Put the JDBC driver into the $NEO4J_HOME/plugins directory and configure the JDBC-URL in $NEO4J_HOME/conf/neo4j.conf with apoc.jdbc.<alias>.url=<jdbc-url>

Database JDBC-URL  Driver Source

MySQL

jdbc:mysql://<hostname>:<port/3306>/<database>?user=<user>&password=<pass>

Postgres

jdbc:postgresql://<hostname>/<database>?user=<user>&password=<pass>

Oracle

jdbc:oracle:thin:<user>/<pass>@<host>:<port>/<service_name>

MS SQLServer

jdbc:sqlserver://;servername=<servername>;databaseName=<database>;user=<user>;password=<pass>

IBM DB2

jdbc:db2://<host>:<port/5021>/<database>:user=<user>;password=<pass>;

Derby

jdbc:derby:derbyDB

Included in JDK6-8

Cassandra

jdbc:cassandra://<host>:<port/9042>/<database>

There are a number of blog posts / examples that details usage of apoc.load.jdbc

Streaming Data to Gephi

type qualified name description

procedure

apoc.gephi.add

apoc.gephi.add(url-or-key, workspace, data, weightproperty) | streams passed in data to Gephi

apoc gephi
Notes

Gephi has a streaming plugin, that can provide and accept JSON-graph-data in a streaming fashion.

Make sure to install the plugin firsrt and activate it for your workspace (there is a new "Streaming"-tab besides "Layout"), right-click "Master"→"start" to start the server.

You can provide your workspace name (you might want to rename it before you start thes streaming), otherwise it defaults to workspace0

You can also configure it in conf/neo4j.conf via apoc.gephi.url=url or apoc.gephi.<key>.url=url

Example

You can export your graph as an unweighted network.

match path = (:Person)-[:ACTED_IN]->(:Movie)
WITH path LIMIT 1000
with collect(path) as paths
call apoc.gephi.add(null,'workspace0', paths) yield nodes, relationships, time
return nodes, relationships, time

You can export your graph as a weighted network, by specifying the property of a relationship, that holds the weight value.

match path = (:Person)-[r:ACTED_IN]->(:Movie) where exists r.weightproperty
WITH path LIMIT 1000
with collect(path) as paths
call apoc.gephi.add(null,'workspace0', paths, 'weightproperty') yield nodes, relationships, time
return nodes, relationships, time

Format

We send all nodes and relationships of the passed in data convert into individual Gephi-Streaming JSON fragements, separated by \r\n.

{"an":{"123":{"TYPE":"Person:Actor","label":"Tom Hanks",                           x:333,y:222,r:0.1,g:0.3,b:0.5}}}\r\n
{"an":{"345":{"TYPE":"Movie","label":"Forrest Gump",                               x:234,y:122,r:0.2,g:0.2,b:0.7}}}\r\n
{"ae":{"3344":{"TYPE":"ACTED_IN","label":"Tom Hanks",source:"123",target:"345","directed":true,"weight":1.0,r:0.1,g:0.3,b:0.5}}}

Specifics Details

Gephi doesn’t render the graph data unless you also provide x,y coordinates in the payload, so we just send random ones within a 1000x1000 grid.

We also generate colors per label combination and relationship-type, both of which are also transferred as TYPE property.

You can have your weight property stored as a number (integer,float) or a string. If the weight property is invalid or null, it will use the default 1.0 value.

ElasticSearch Integration

type qualified name description

procedure

apoc.es.stats

apoc.es.stats(host-url-Key) - elastic search statistics

procedure

apoc.es.get

apoc.es.get(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,id-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a GET operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.query

apoc.es.query(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a SEARCH operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.getRaw

apoc.es.getRaw(host-or-port,path,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a raw GET operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.postRaw

apoc.es.postRaw(host-or-port,path,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a raw POST operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.post

apoc.es.post(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a POST operation on elastic search

procedure

apoc.es.put

apoc.es.put(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,id-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value - perform a PUT operation on elastic search

Example

call apoc.es.post("localhost","tweets","users","1",null,{name:"Chris"})
call apoc.es.get("localhost","tweets","users","1",null,null)
call apoc.es.stats("localhost")
qHAj9ma
Pagination

To use the pagination feature of Elasticsearch you have to follow these steps:

  1. Call apoc.es.query to get the first chunk of data and obtain also the scroll_id (in order to enable the pagination).

  2. Do your merge/create etc. operations with the first N hits

  3. Use the range(start,end,step) function to repeat a second call to get all the other chunks until the end. For example, if you have 1000 documents and you want to retrieve 10 documents for each request, you cand do range(11,1000,10). You start from 11 because the first 10 documents are already processed. If you don’t know the exact upper bound (the total size of your documents) you can set a number that is bigger than the real total size.

  4. The second call to repeat is apoc.es.get. Remember to set the scroll_id as a parameter.

  5. Then process the result of each chunk of data as the first one.

Here an example:

// It's important to create an index to improve performance
CREATE INDEX ON :Document(id)
// First query: get first chunk of data + the scroll_id for pagination
CALL apoc.es.query('localhost','test-index','test-type','name:Neo4j&size=1&scroll=5m',null) yield value with value._scroll_id as scrollId, value.hits.hits as hits
// Do something with hits
UNWIND hits as hit
// Here we simply create a document and a relation to a company
MERGE (doc:Document {id: hit._id, description: hit._source.description, name: hit._source.name})
MERGE (company:Company {name: hit._source.company})
MERGE (doc)-[:IS_FROM]->(company)
// Then call for the other docs and use the scrollId value from previous query
// Use a range to count our chunk of data (i.e. i want to get chunks from 2 to 10)
WITH range(2,10,1) as list, scrollId
UNWIND list as count
CALL apoc.es.get("localhost","_search","scroll",null,{scroll:"5m",scroll_id:scrollId},null) yield value with value._scoll_id as scrollId, value.hits.hits as nextHits
// Again, do something with hits
UNWIND nextHits as hit
MERGE (doc:Document {id: hit._id, description: hit._source.description, name: hit._source.name})
MERGE (company:Company {name: hit._source.company})
MERGE (doc)-[:IS_FROM]->(company) return scrollId, doc, company

This example was tested on a Mac Book Pro with 16GB of RAM. Loading 20000 documents from ES to Neo4j (100 documents for each request) took 1 minute.

General Structure and Parameters

call apoc.es.post(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,id-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value

// GET/PUT/POST url/index/type/id?query -d payload
host or port parameter

The parameter can be a direct host or url, or an entry to be lookup up in neo4j.conf

  • host

  • host:port

  • http://host:port

  • lookup via key to apoc.es.<key>.url

  • lookup via key apoc.es.<key>.host

  • lookup apoc.es.url

  • lookup apoc.es.host

index parameter

Main ES index, will be sent directly, if null then "_all" multiple indexes can be separated by comma in the string.

type parameter

Document type, will be sent directly, if null then "_all" multiple types can be separated by comma in the string.

id parameter

Document id, will be left off when null.

query parameter

Query can be a map which is turned into a query string, a direct string or null then it is left off.

payload parameter

Payload can be a map which will be turned into a json payload or a string which will be sent directly or null.

Results

Results are stream of map in value.

Load XML

Load XML Introduction

Many existing (enterprise) applications, endpoints and files use XML as data exchange format.

To make these datastructures available to Cypher, you can use apoc.load.xml. It takes a file or http URL and parses the XML into a map datastructure.

Note
in previous releases we’ve had apoc.load.xmlSimple. This is now deprecated and got superseeded by apoc.load.xml(url, [xPath], [config], true).Simple XML Format

See the following usage-examples for the procedures.

Example File

"How do you access XML doc attributes in children fields ?"

(Thanks Nicolas Rouyer)

For example, if my XML file is the example book.xml provided by Microsoft.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<catalog>
   <book id="bk101">
      <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>
      <title>XML Developer's Guide</title>
      <genre>Computer</genre>
      <price>44.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
      <description>An in-depth look at creating applications
      with XML.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk102">
      <author>Ralls, Kim</author>
      <title>Midnight Rain</title>
      <genre>Fantasy</genre>
      <price>5.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date>
      <description>A former architect battles corporate zombies,
...

We have the file here, on GitHub.

Simple XML Format

In a simpler XML representation, each type of children gets it’s own entry within the parent map. The element-type as key is prefixed with "_" to prevent collisions with attributes.

If there is a single element, then the entry will just have that element as value, not a collection. If there is more than one element there will be a list of values.

Each child will still have its _type field to discern them.

Here is the example file from above loaded with apoc.load.xmlSimple

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/books.xml", '', {}, true)
{_type: "catalog", _book: [
  {_type: "book", id: "bk101",
    _author: [{_type: "author", _text: "Gambardella, Matthew"},{_type: author, _text: "Arciniegas, Fabio"}],
    _title: {_type: "title", _text: "XML Developer's Guide"},
    _genre: {_type: "genre", _text: "Computer"},
    _price: {_type: "price", _text: "44.95"},
    _publish_date: {_type: "publish_date", _text: "2000-10-01"},
    _description: {_type: description, _text: An in-depth look at creating applications ....
Simple XML Examples
Example 1
WITH "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/xml?origin=Mertens%20en%20Torfsstraat%2046,%202018%20Antwerpen&destination=Rubensstraat%2010,%202300%20Turnhout&sensor=false&mode=bicycling&alternatives=false&key=AIzaSyAPPIXGudOyHD_KAa2f_1l_QVNbsd_pMQs" AS url
CALL apoc.load.xmlSimple(url) YIELD value
RETURN value._route._leg._distance._value, keys(value), keys(value._route), keys(value._route._leg), keys(value._route._leg._distance._value)
apoc.load.xmlSimple.ex1
Example 2
WITH "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/xml?origin=Mertens%20en%20Torfsstraat%2046,%202018%20Antwerpen&destination=Rubensstraat%2010,%202300%20Turnhout&sensor=false&mode=bicycling&alternatives=false&key=AIzaSyAPPIXGudOyHD_KAa2f_1l_QVNbsd_pMQs" AS url
CALL apoc.load.xmlSimple(url) YIELD value
UNWIND keys(value) AS key
RETURN key, apoc.meta.type(value[key]);
apoc.load.xmlSimple.ex2

xPath

It’s possible to define a xPath (optional) to selecting nodes from the XML document.

xPath Example

From the Microsoft’s book.xml file we can get only the books that have as genre Computer

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/3.1/src/test/resources/books.xml", '/catalog/book[genre=\"Computer\"]') yield value as book
WITH book.id as id, [attr IN book._children WHERE attr._type IN ['title','price'] | attr._text] as pairs
RETURN id, pairs[0] as title, pairs[1] as price
apoc.load.xml.xpath

In this case we return only id, title and prize but we can return any other elements

We can also return just a single specific element. For example the author of the book with id = bg102

call apoc.load.xml('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/3.1/src/test/resources/books.xml', '/catalog/book[@id="bk102"]/author') yield value as result
WITH result._text as author
RETURN author
apoc.load.xml.xpath2

Load XML and Introspect

Let’s just load it and see what it looks like. It’s returned as value map with nested _type and _children fields, per group of elements. Attributes are turned into map-entries. And each element into their own little map with _type, attributes and _children if applicable.

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/books.xml")
{_type: catalog, _children: [
  {_type: book, id: bk101, _children: [
    {_type: author, _text: Gambardella, Matthew},
    {_type: title, _text: XML Developer's Guide},
    {_type: genre, _text: Computer},
    {_type: price, _text: 44.95},
    {_type: publish_date, _text: 2000-10-01},
    {_type: description, _text: An in-depth look at creating applications ....
For each book, how do I access book id ?

You can access attributes per element directly.

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/books.xml") yield value as catalog
UNWIND catalog._children as book
RETURN book.id
╒═══════╕
│book.id│
╞═══════╡
│bk101  │
├───────┤
│bk102  │
For each book, how do I access book author and title ?
Filter into collection

You have to filter over the sub-elements in the _childrens array in this case.

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/books.xml") yield value as catalog
UNWIND catalog._children as book
RETURN book.id, [attr IN book._children WHERE attr._type IN ['author','title'] | [attr._type, attr._text]] as pairs
╒═══════╤════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
│book.id│pairs                                                                   │
╞═══════╪════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
│bk101  │[[author, Gambardella, Matthew], [title, XML Developer's Guide]]        │
├───────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│bk102  │[[author, Ralls, Kim], [title, Midnight Rain]]                          │
How do I return collection elements?

This is not too nice, we could also just have returned the values and then grabbed them out of the list, but that relies on element-order.

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/books.xml") yield value as catalog
UNWIND catalog._children as book
WITH book.id as id, [attr IN book._children WHERE attr._type IN ['author','title'] | attr._text] as pairs
RETURN id, pairs[0] as author, pairs[1] as title
╒═════╤════════════════════╤══════════════════════════════╕
│id   │author              │title                         │
╞═════╪════════════════════╪══════════════════════════════╡
│bk101│Gambardella, Matthew│XML Developer's Guide         │
├─────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
│bk102│Ralls, Kim          │Midnight Rain                 │

Extracting Datastructures

Turn Pairs into Map

So better is to turn them into a map with apoc.map.fromPairs

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/books.xml") yield value as catalog
UNWIND catalog._children as book
WITH book.id as id, [attr IN book._children WHERE attr._type IN ['author','title'] | [attr._type, attr._text]] as pairs
CALL apoc.map.fromPairs(pairs) yield value
RETURN id, value
╒═════╤════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╕
│id   │value                                                               │
╞═════╪════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╡
│bk101│{author: Gambardella, Matthew, title: XML Developer's Guide}        │
├─────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│bk102│{author: Ralls, Kim, title: Midnight Rain}                          │
├─────┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│bk103│{author: Corets, Eva, title: Maeve Ascendant}                       │
Return individual Columns

And now we can cleanly access the attributes from the map.

call apoc.load.xml("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-apoc-procedures/master/src/test/resources/books.xml") yield value as catalog
UNWIND catalog._children as book
WITH book.id as id, [attr IN book._children WHERE attr._type IN ['author','title'] | [attr._type, attr._text]] as pairs
CALL apoc.map.fromPairs(pairs) yield value
RETURN id, value.author, value.title
╒═════╤════════════════════╤══════════════════════════════╕
│id   │value.author        │value.title                   │
╞═════╪════════════════════╪══════════════════════════════╡
│bk101│Gambardella, Matthew│XML Developer's Guide         │
├─────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
│bk102│Ralls, Kim          │Midnight Rain                 │
├─────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────┤
│bk103│Corets, Eva         │Maeve Ascendant               │

Graph Refactorings

Graph Refactoring Procedures

These procedures help refactor the structure of your graph. This is helpful when you need to change your data model or for cleaning up data that was imported from an external source.

Normalize boolean properties

Given raw data boolean properties are often represented by placeholder values. This procedure turns them into boolean properties.

Will be true if "Y", YES"; false if "N", "NO"; null otherwise:

MATCH (n)
CALL apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean(n, "prop", ["Y", "YES"], ["N", NO"])
RETURN n.prop

Categorization

Categorize replaces string property values on nodes with relationship to a unique category node for that property value.

This example will turn all n.color properties into :HAS_ATTRIBUTE relationships to :Color nodes with a matching .colour property.

CALL apoc.refactor.categorize('color','HAS_ATTRIBUTE',true,'Color','colour',['popularity'],1)

Additionally, it will also copy over the first 'popularity' property value encountered on any node n for each newly created :Color node and remove any occurrences of that property value on nodes with the same 'Color'.

Using Cypher and APOC to move a property value to a label

You can use the procedure apoc.create.addLabels to move a property to a label with Cypher as follows

Create a node with property studio
CREATE (:Movie {title: 'A Few Good Men', genre: 'Drama'})
Move the 'genre' property to a label and remove it as a property
MATCH (n:Movie)
CALL apoc.create.addLabels( id(n), [ n.genre ] ) YIELD node
REMOVE node.genre
RETURN node

Cypher Operations

Running Cypher fragments

We can use Cypher as safe, graph-aware, partially compiled scripting language within APOC.

type qualified name description

procedure

apoc.cypher.run

apoc.cypher.run(fragment, params) yield value - executes reading fragment with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.cypher.runFile

apoc.cypher.runFile(file or url) - runs each statement in the file, all semicolon separated - currently no schema operations

procedure

apoc.cypher.runFiles

apoc.cypher.runFiles([files or urls]) - runs each statement in the files, all semicolon separated

procedure

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFile

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFile(file or url) - allows only schema operations, runs each schema statement in the file, all semicolon separated

procedure

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFiles

apoc.cypher.runSchemaFiles([files or urls]) - allows only schema operations, runs each schema statement in the files, all semicolon separated

procedure

apoc.cypher.runMany

apoc.cypher.runMany('cypher;\nstatements;',{params}) - runs each semicolon separated statement and returns summary - currently no schema operations

procedure

apoc.cypher.parallel

procedure

apoc.cypher.mapParallel

apoc.cypher.mapParallel(fragment, params, list-to-parallelize) yield value - executes fragment in parallel batches with the list segments being assigned to _

procedure

apoc.cypher.mapParallel2

apoc.cypher.mapParallel2(fragment, params, list-to-parallelize) yield value - executes fragment in parallel batches with the list segments being assigned to _

procedure

apoc.cypher.parallel2

procedure

apoc.cypher.doIt

apoc.cypher.doIt(fragment, params) yield value - executes writing fragment with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.cypher.runTimeboxed

apoc.cypher.runTimeboxed('cypherStatement',{params}, timeout) - abort statement after timeout ms if not finished

procedure

apoc.when

apoc.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - based on the conditional, executes read-only ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.do.when

apoc.do.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - based on the conditional, executes writing ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.case

apoc.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - given a list of conditional / read-only query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

procedure

apoc.do.case

apoc.do.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value - given a list of conditional / writing query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

function

apoc.cypher.runFirstColumn

apoc.cypher.runFirstColumn(statement, params, expectMultipleValues) - executes statement with given parameters, returns first column only, if expectMultipleValues is true will collect results into an array

Example: Fast Node-Counts by Label

Counts by label are quickly provided by the counts-store, but only if they are the the single thing in the query, like

MATCH (:Person) RETURN count(*);

It also works to combine several with UNION ALL, but not via WITH

Doesn’t work
MATCH (:Person) WITH count(*) as people
MATCH (:Movie) RETURN people, count(*) as movies;
Works
MATCH (:Person) RETURN count(*)
UNION ALL
MATCH (:Movie) RETURN count(*);

But with apoc.cypher.run we can construct the statement and run each of them individually, so it completes in a few ms.

call db.labels() yield label
call apoc.cypher.run("match (:`"+label+"`) return count(*) as count", null) yield value
return label, value.count as count

You can use a similar approach to get the property-keys per label:

CALL db.labels() yield label
call apoc.cypher.run("MATCH (n:`"+label+"`) RETURN keys(n) as keys LIMIT 1",null) yield value
RETURN label, value.keys as keys

Running a cypher statement timeboxed

There’s a way to terminate a cypher statement if it takes longer than a given threshold. Consider an expensive statement calculating cross product of shortestpaths for each pair of nodes:

call apoc.cypher.runTimeboxed("match (n),(m) match p=shortestPath((n)-[*]-(m)) return p", null, 10000) yield value
return value.p

Conditional cypher execution

Sometimes queries require conditional execution logic that can’t be adequately expressed in Cypher, even with CASE.

APOC’s conditional execution procedures simulate an if / else structure, where a supplied boolean condition determines which cypher query is executed.

WHEN Procedures

CALL apoc.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

based on the condition, executes read-only ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

CALL apoc.do.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

based on the condition, executes writing ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

For example, if we wanted to match to neighbor nodes one and two traversals away from a start node, and return the smaller set (either those one hop away, or those that are two hops away), we might use:

 MATCH (start:Node)-[:REL]->(a)-[:REL]->(b)
 WITH collect(distinct a) as aNodes, collect(distinct b) as bNodes
 CALL apoc.when(size(aNodes) <= size(bNodes), 'RETURN aNodes as resultNodes', 'RETURN bNodes as resultNodes', {aNodes:aNodes, bNodes:bNodes}) YIELD value
 RETURN value.resultNodes as resultNodes

Or, if we wanted to conditionally set or create graph elements if we deem some account to be suspicious, but still want to continue other query operations in either case, we could use apoc.do.when:

MATCH (acc:Account)
OPTIONAL MATCH (acc)-[r:ACCESSED_BY]->(suspect:User)
WHERE suspect.id in {suspiciousUsersIdList}
CALL apoc.do.when(r IS NOT NULL, 'SET acc:Suspicious', '', {acc:acc}) YIELD value
// ignore value and continue
WITH acc
...
CASE Procedures

For more complex conditional logic, case procedures allow for a variable-length list of condition / query pairs, where the query following the first conditional evaluating to true is executed. An elseQuery block is executed if none of the conditionals are true.

CALL apoc.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

given a list of conditional / read-only query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

CALL apoc.do.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

given a list of conditional / writing query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

If we wanted to MATCH to selection nodes in a column, we could use entirely different MATCHES depending on query parameters, or based on data already in the graph:

 MATCH (me:User{id:{myId}})
 CALL apoc.case(
  [{selection} = 'friends', "RETURN [(me)-[:FRIENDS]-(friend) | friend] as selection",
   {selection} = 'coworkers', "RETURN [(me)-[:WORKS_AT*2]-(coworker) | coworker] as selection",
   {selection} = 'all', "RETURN apoc.coll.union([(me)-[:FRIENDS]-(friend) | friend], [(me)-[:WORKS_AT*2]-(coworker) | coworker]) as selection"],
   'RETURN [] as selection', {me:me}) YIELD value
 RETURN value.selection as selection

Job management and periodic execution

Introduction asynchronous transactional execution

Note
this document is work in progress

Cypher is great for querying graphs and importing and updating graph structures. While during imports you can use PERIODIC COMMIT to control transaction sizes in memory, for other graph refactorings it’s not that easy to commit transactions regularly to free memory for new update state.

Also sometimes you want to schedule execution of Cypher statements to run regularly in the background or asynchronously ("fire & forget").

The apoc.periodic.* procedures provide such capabilities.

Many procedures run in the background or asynchronously. This setting overrides the default thread pool size (processors*2).

apoc.jobs.default.num_threads=10

Many periodic procedures rely on a scheduled executor that has a pool of threads with a default fixed size (processors/4, at least 1). You can configure the pool size using the following configuration property:

apoc.jobs.scheduled.num_threads=10

apoc.periodic.iterate

With apoc.periodic.iterate you provide 2 statements, the first outer statement is providing a stream of values to be processed. The second, inner statement processes one element at a time or with iterateList:true the whole batch at a time.

The results of the outer statement are passed into the inner statement as parameters, they are automatically made available with their names.

Table 3. configuration options
param default description

batchSize

1000

that many inner statements are run within a single tx params: {_count, _batch}

parallel

false

run inner statement in parallel, note that statements might deadlock

retries

0

if the inner statement fails with an error, sleep 100ms and retry until retries-count is reached, param {_retry}

iterateList

false

the inner statement is only executed once but the whole batchSize list is passed in as parameter {_batch}

params

{}

externally passed in map of params

Note
We plan to make iterateList:true the default in upcoming releases, due to the automatic UNWINDing and providing of nested results as variables, most queries should continue work.

So if you were to add an :Actor label to several million :Person nodes, you would run:

CALL apoc.periodic.iterate(
"MATCH (p:Person) WHERE (p)-[:ACTED_IN]->() RETURN p",
"SET p:Actor", {batchSize:10000, parallel:true})

Which would take 10k people from the stream and update them in a single transaction, executing the second statement for each person.

Those executions can happen in parallel as updating node-labels or properties doesn’t conflict.

If you do more complex operations like updating or removing relationships, either don’t use parallel OR make sure that you batch the work in a way that each subgraph of data is updated in one operation, e.g. by transferring the root objects. If you attempt complex operations, try to use e.g. retries:3 to retry failed operations.

CALL apoc.periodic.iterate(
"MATCH (o:Order) WHERE o.date > '2016-10-13' RETURN o",
"MATCH (o)-[:HAS_ITEM]->(i) WITH o, sum(i.value) as value SET o.value = value", {batchSize:100, parallel:true})
iterating over the whole batch (more efficient)
CALL apoc.periodic.iterate(
"MATCH (o:Order) WHERE o.date > '2016-10-13' RETURN o",
"MATCH (o)-[:HAS_ITEM]->(i) WITH o, sum(i.value) as value SET o.value = value", {batchSize:100, iterateList:true, parallel:true})

The stream of other data can also come from another source, like a different database, CSV or JSON file.

apoc.periodic.commit

Especially for graph processing it is useful to run a query repeatedly in separate transactions until it doesn’t process and generates any results anymore. So you can iterate in batches over elements that don’t fulfill a condition and update them so that they do afterwards.

The query is executed repatedly in separate transactions until it returns 0.

call apoc.periodic.commit("
match (user:User) WHERE exists( user.city )
with user limit {limit}
MERGE (city:City {name:user.city})
MERGE (user)-[:LIVES_IN]->(city)
REMOVE user.city
RETURN count(*)
",{limit:10000})
+=======+==========+
|updates|executions|
+=======+==========+
|2000000|200       |
+-------+----------+

apoc.periodic.countdown

Repeats a statement until the termination is reached. The statement must return a numeric value and it should decrement (like a monotonically decreasing function). When the return value reaches 0 than the iteration stops. For example, define a counter with a numeric property:

CREATE (counter:Counter) SET counter.c = 10

and decrement this property by 1 each second:

CALL apoc.periodic.countdown('decrement',"MATCH (counter:Counter) SET counter.c = counter.c - 1 RETURN counter.c as count", 1)

Further Functions

type qualified name description

procedure

apoc.periodic.list

apoc.periodic.list - list all jobs

procedure

apoc.periodic.commit

apoc.periodic.commit(statement,params) - runs the given statement in separate transactions until it returns 0

procedure

apoc.periodic.cancel

apoc.periodic.cancel(name) - cancel job with the given name

procedure

apoc.periodic.submit

apoc.periodic.submit('name',statement) - submit a one-off background statement

procedure

apoc.periodic.repeat

apoc.periodic.repeat('name',statement,repeat-rate-in-seconds) submit a repeatedly-called background statement

procedure

apoc.periodic.countdown

apoc.periodic.countdown('name',statement,repeat-rate-in-seconds) submit a repeatedly-called background statement until it returns 0

procedure

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll_while

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll_while('some cypher for knowing when to stop', 'some cypher for iteration', 'some cypher as action on each iteration', 10000) YIELD batches, total - run the action statement in batches over the iterator statement’s results in a separate thread. Returns number of batches and total processed rows

procedure

apoc.periodic.iterate

apoc.periodic.iterate('statement returning items', 'statement per item', {batchSize:1000,iterateList:false,parallel:true}) YIELD batches, total - run the second statement for each item returned by the first statement. Returns number of batches and total processed rows

procedure

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll

apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll('some cypher for iteration', 'some cypher as action on each iteration', 10000) YIELD batches, total - run the action statement in batches over the iterator statement’s results in a separate thread. Returns number of batches and total processed rows

  • there are also static methods Jobs.submit, and Jobs.schedule to be used from other procedures

  • jobs list is checked / cleared every 10s for finished jobs

Virtual

Virtual Nodes/Rels

Virtual Nodes and Relationships don’t exist in the graph, they are only returned to the UI/user for representing a graph projection. They can be visualized or processed otherwise. Please note that they have negative id’s.

CALL apoc.create.vNode(['Label'], {key:value,…​}) YIELD node

returns a virtual node

apoc.create.vNode(['Label'], {key:value,…​})

returns a virtual node

CALL apoc.create.vNodes(['Label'], [{key:value,…​}])

returns virtual nodes

CALL apoc.create.vRelationship(nodeFrom,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, nodeTo) YIELD rel

returns a virtual relationship

apoc.create.vRelationship(nodeFrom,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, nodeTo)

returns a virtual relationship

CALL apoc.create.vPattern({_labels:['LabelA'],key:value},'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, {_labels:['LabelB'],key:value})

returns a virtual pattern

CALL apoc.create.vPatternFull(['LabelA'],{key:value},'KNOWS',{key:value,…​},['LabelB'],{key:value})

returns a virtual pattern

Virtual Nodes/Rels Example

Virtual node and virtual relationship vNode, vRelationship

From a simple dataset

CREATE(a:Person)-[r:ACTED_IN]->(b:Movie)

We can create a virtual copy, adding as attribute name the labels value

MATCH (a)-[r]->(b)
WITH head(labels(a)) AS l, head(labels(b)) AS l2, type(r) AS rel_type, count(*) as count
CALL apoc.create.vNode([l],{name:l}) yield node as a
CALL apoc.create.vNode([l2],{name:l2}) yield node as b
CALL apoc.create.vRelationship(a,rel_type,{count:count},b) yield rel
RETURN *;
apoc.create.vRelationshipAndvNode

Virtual nodes and virtual relationships have always a negative id

vNodeId
Virtual pattern vPattern
CALL apoc.create.vPattern({_labels:['Person'],name:'Mary'},'KNOWS',{since:2012},{_labels:['Person'],name:'Michael'})
apoc.create.vPattern

We can add more labels, just adding them on _labels

CALL apoc.create.vPattern({_labels:['Person', 'Woman'],name:'Mary'},'KNOWS',{since:2012},{_labels:['Person', 'Man'],name:'Michael'})
apoc.create.vPatternLabels
Virtual pattern full vPatternFull
CALL apoc.create.vPatternFull(['British','Person'],{name:'James', age:28},'KNOWS',{since:2009},['Swedish','Person'],{name:'Daniel', age:30})
apoc.create.vPatternFull

We can create a virtual pattern from an existing one

CREATE(a:Person {name:'Daniel'})-[r:KNOWS]->(b:Person {name:'John'})

From this dataset we can create a virtual pattern

MATCH (a)-[r]->(b)
WITH head(labels(a)) AS labelA, head(labels(b)) AS labelB, type(r) AS rel_type, a.name AS aName, b.name AS bName
CALL apoc.create.vPatternFull([labelA],{name: aName},rel_type,{since:2009},[labelB],{name: bName}) yield from, rel, to
RETURN *;
apoc.create.vPatternFullTwo

Virtual Graph

Create a graph object (map) from information that’s passed in. It’s basic structure is: {name:"Name",properties:{properties},nodes:[nodes],relationships:[relationships]}

apoc.graph.from(data,'name',{properties}) yield graph

creates a virtual graph object for later processing it tries its best to extract the graph information from the data you pass in

apoc.graph.fromData([nodes],[relationships],'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromPaths(path,'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromPaths([paths],'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromDB('name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromCypher('statement',{params},'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

Virtual Graph Examples

We create a dataset for our examples

CREATE (a:Actor {name:'Tom Hanks'})-[r:ACTED_IN {roles:'Forrest'}]->(m:Movie {title:'Forrest Gump'}) RETURN *
Virtual graph from data
MATCH (n)-[r]->(m) CALL apoc.graph.fromData([n,m],[r],'test',{answer:42}) YIELD graph RETURN *
Virtual graph from path
MATCH path = (n)-[r]->(m) CALL apoc.graph.fromPath(path,'test',{answer:42}) YIELD graph RETURN *
Virtual graph from paths
MATCH path = (n)-[r]->(m) CALL apoc.graph.fromPaths([path],'test',{answer:42}) YIELD graph RETURN *
Virtual graph from DB
CALL apoc.graph.fromDB('test',{answer:42}) YIELD graph RETURN *
Virtual graph from Cypher
CALL apoc.graph.fromCypher('MATCH (n)-[r]->(m) RETURN *',null,'test',{answer:42}) YIELD graph RETURN *

As a result we have a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph

Graph Refactoring

call apoc.refactor.cloneNodes([node1,node2,…​])

clone nodes with their labels and properties

call apoc.refactor.cloneNodesWithRelationships([node1,node2,…​])

clone nodes with their labels, properties and relationships

call apoc.refactor.mergeNodes([node1,node2])

merge nodes onto first in list

call apoc.refactor.to(rel, endNode)

redirect relationship to use new end-node

call apoc.refactor.from(rel, startNode)

redirect relationship to use new start-node

call apoc.refactor.invert(rel)

inverts relationship direction

call apoc.refactor.setType(rel, 'NEW-TYPE')

change relationship-type

call apoc.refactor.extractNode([rel1,rel2,…​], [labels], 'OUT','IN')

extract node from relationships

call apoc.refactor.collapseNode([node1,node2],'TYPE')

collapse node to relationship, node with one rel becomes self-relationship

call apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean(entity, propertyKey, true_values, false_values)

normalize/convert a property to be boolean

call apoc.refactor.categorize(node, propertyKey, type, outgoing, label)

turn each unique propertyKey into a category node and connect to it

TODO:

  • merge nodes by label + property

  • merge relationships

Graph Refactoring Examples

Clone nodes

We create a dataset

CREATE (f:Foo{name:'Foo'}),(b:Bar{name:'Bar'})

As result we have two nodes

apoc.refactor.cloneNodes.dataset
MATCH (f:Foo{name:'Foo'}),(b:Bar{name:'Bar'}) WITH f,b
CALL apoc.refactor.cloneNodes([f,b]) yield input, output RETURN *

As result we have the two nodes that we have created before and their clones

apoc.refactor.cloneNodes
Clone nodes with relationship

We create a dataset of two different nodes of type Actor connected with other two different node of type Movie

CREATE (k:Actor {name:'Keanu Reeves'})-[:ACTED_IN {role:'Neo'}]->(m:Movie {title:'The Matrix'}),
	   (t:Actor {name:'Tom Hanks'})-[:ACTED_IN {role:'Forrest'}]->(f:Movie {title:'Forrest Gump'}) RETURN *
apoc.refactor.cloneNodesWithRelationships.dataset
MATCH (k:Actor {name:'Keanu Reeves'}), (t:Actor {name:'Tom Hanks'})
CALL apoc.refactor.cloneNodesWithRelationships([k,t]) YIELD input, output RETURN *

As result we have a copy of the nodes and relationships

apoc.refactor.cloneNodesWithRelationships
Merge nodes

We create two nodes with different properties

CREATE (f:Person {name:'Foo'}), (b:Person {surname:'Bar'}) RETURN f,b
apoc.refactor.mergeNodes.dataset

Now we want to merge these nodes into one

MATCH (f:Person {name:'Foo'}), (b:Person {surname:'Bar'})
CALL apoc.refactor.mergeNodes([f,b])
YIELD node RETURN node
apoc.refactor.mergeNodes

Thus we have one node with both properties name and surname

Redirect relationship to

We start with two nodes related each other with a relationship. We create a new node which we will use to redirect the relationship like end node

CREATE (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar)
CREATE (p:Person {name:'Antony'})
RETURN *
apoc.refactor.to.dataset
MATCH (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar) with id(rel) as id
MATCH (p:Person {name:'Antony'}) with p as p
MATCH ()-[r]->(), (p:Person)  CALL apoc.refactor.to(r, p) YIELD input, output RETURN *
apoc.refactor.to

Now the relationship is towards the new node Person

Redirect relationship from

We start with two nodes related each other with a relationship. We create a new node which we will use to redirect the relationship like start node

CREATE (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar)
CREATE (p:Person {name:'Antony'})
RETURN *
apoc.refactor.from.dataset
MATCH (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar) with id(rel) as id
MATCH (p:Person {name:'Antony'}) with p as p
MATCH ()-[r]->(), (p:Person)  CALL apoc.refactor.from(r, p) YIELD input, output RETURN *
apoc.refactor.from

Now the relationship starts from the new node Person from the old node Bar

Invert relationship

We start with two nodes connected by a relationship

CREATE (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar)
apoc.refactor.invert.dataset

Now we want to invert the relationship direction

MATCH (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar) WITH id(rel) as id
MATCH ()-[r]->() WHERE id(r) = id
CALL apoc.refactor.invert(r) yield input, output RETURN *
apoc.refactor.invert.call
apoc.refactor.invert
Set type

With a simple relationship between two node

CREATE (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR]->(b:Bar)
apoc.refactor.setType.dataset

We can change the relationship type from FOOBAR to NEW-TYPE

MATCH (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR]->(b:Bar) with rel
CALL apoc.refactor.setType(rel, 'NEW-TYPE') YIELD input, output RETURN *
apoc.refactor.setType
Extract node from relationships
CREATE (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar)
apoc.refactor.extractNode.dataset

We pass the ID of the relationship as parameter to extract a node

MATCH (f:Foo)-[rel:FOOBAR {a:1}]->(b:Bar) WITH id(rel) as id
CALL apoc.refactor.extractNode(id,['FooBar'],'FOO','BAR')
YIELD input, output RETURN *
apoc.refactor.extractNode
Collapse node to relationship
CREATE (f:Foo)-[:FOO {a:1}]->(b:Bar {c:3})-[:BAR {b:2}]->(f) WITH id(b) as id
CALL apoc.refactor.collapseNode(id,'FOOBAR')
YIELD input, output RETURN *

Before we have this situation

apoc.refactor.collapseNode.dataset

And the result are

apoc.refactor.collapseNode

The property of the two relationship and the property of the node are joined in one relationship that has the properties a:1, b:2, name:Bar

Normalize As Boolean
CREATE (:Person {prop: 'Y', name:'A'}),(:Person {prop: 'Yes', name:'B'}),(:Person {prop: 'NO', name:'C'}),(:Person {prop: 'X', name:'D'})

As a resul we have four nodes with different properties prop like Y, Yes, NO, X

apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean.dataset

Now we want to transform some properties into a boolean, Y, Yes into true and the properties NO into false. The other properties that don’t match these possibilities will be set as null.

MATCH (n)  CALL apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean(n,'prop',['Y','Yes'],['NO']) WITH n ORDER BY n.id RETURN n.prop AS prop
apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean
Categorize

First of all we create some nodes as dataset

CREATE (:Person {prop: 'A', k: 'a', id: 1}),
       (:Person {prop: 'A', k: 'a', id: 2}),
       (:Person {prop: 'C', k: 'c', id: 3}),
       (:Person {                   id: 4}),
       (:Person {prop: 'B', k: 'b', id: 5}),
       (:Person {prop: 'C', k: 'c', id: 6})

As result we have six nodes with label 'Person' with different properties

apoc.refactor.categorize.dataset

Now we want to transform the property prop into a separate node with label Letter and transfer the properties of the nodes Person: prop (now renamed in name) and k. The nodes Person will keep only the propertie id, and will be connected with a relationship IS_A with the new nodes Letter.

CALL apoc.refactor.categorize('prop','IS_A',true,'Letter','name',['k'],1)
apoc.refactor.categorize

The direction of the relationship (in this case outgoing) is defined by the third field, if true outgoing else incoming. If a node doesn’t has the property prop (like node with id: 4) it won’t be managed.

Rename

Procedures set for renaming labels, relationship types, nodes and relationships' properties. They return the list of eventually impacted constraints and indexes, the user should take care of.

call apoc.refactor.rename.label(oldLabel, newLabel, [nodes])

rename a label from 'oldLabel' to 'newLabel' for all nodes. If 'nodes' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

call apoc.refactor.rename.type(oldType, newType, [rels])

rename all relationships with type 'oldType' to 'newType'. If 'rels' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

call apoc.refactor.rename.nodeProperty(oldName, newName, [nodes])

rename all node’s property from 'oldName' to 'newName'. If 'nodes' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

call apoc.refactor.rename.typeProperty(oldName, newName, [rels])

rename all relationship’s property from 'oldName' to 'newName'. If 'rels' is provided renaming is applied to this set only

Triggers

Enable apoc.trigger.enabled=true in $NEO4J_HOME/config/neo4j.conf first.

CALL apoc.trigger.add(name, statement, selector) yield name, statement, installed

add a trigger statement under a name, in the statement you can use {createdNodes}, {deletedNodes} etc., the selector is {phase:'before/after/rollback'} returns previous and new trigger information

CALL apoc.trigger.remove(name) yield name, statement, installed

remove previously added trigger, returns trigger information

CALL apoc.trigger.list() yield name, statement, installed

update and list all installed triggers

CALL apoc.trigger.pause(name)

it pauses the trigger

CALL apoc.trigger.resume(name)

it resumes the paused trigger

Helper Functions

apoc.trigger.nodesByLabel({assignedLabels},'Label')

function to filter labelEntries by label, to be used within a trigger statement with {assignedLabels} and {removedLabels} {phase:'before/after/rollback'} returns previous and new trigger information

apoc.trigger.propertiesByKey({assignedNodeProperties},'key')

function to filter propertyEntries by property-key, to be used within a trigger statement with {assignedNode/RelationshipProperties} and {removedNode/RelationshipProperties}. Returns [{old,new,key,node,relationship}]

The statements available are:

Statement Description

transactionId

returns the id of the transaction

commitTime

return the date of the transaction in milliseconds

createdNodes

when a node is created our trigger fires

createdRelationships

when a relationship is created our trigger fires

deletedNodes

when a node is delated our trigger fires

deletedRelationships

when a relationship is delated our trigger fires

removedLabels

when a label is removed our trigger fires

removedNodeProperties

when a properties of node is removed our trigger fires

removedRelationshipProperties

when a properties of relationship is removed our trigger fires

assignedLabels

when a labes is assigned our trigger fires

assignedNodeProperties

when node property is assigned our trigger fires

assignedRelationshipProperties

when relationship property is assigned our trigger fires

Triggers Examples
Set properties connected to a node

We could add a trigger that when is added a specific property on a node, that property is added to all the nodes connected to this node

Dataset

CREATE (d:Person {name:'Daniel'})
CREATE (l:Person {name:'Mary'})
CREATE (t:Person {name:'Tom'})
CREATE (j:Person {name:'John'})
CREATE (m:Person {name:'Michael'})
CREATE (a:Person {name:'Anne'})
CREATE (l)-[:DAUGHTER_OF]->(d)
CREATE (t)-[:SON_OF]->(d)
CREATE (t)-[:BROTHER]->(j)
CREATE (a)-[:WIFE_OF]->(d)
CREATE (d)-[:SON_OF]->(m)
CREATE (j)-[:SON_OF]->(d)
apoc.trigger.add.setAllConnectedNodes.dataset

Now we add the trigger using apoc.trigger.propertiesByKey on the surname property

CALL apoc.trigger.add('setAllConnectedNodes','UNWIND apoc.trigger.propertiesByKey({assignedNodeProperties},"surname") as prop
WITH prop.node as n
MATCH(n)-[]-(a)
SET a.surname = n.surname', {phase:'after'});

So when we add the surname property on a node, it’s added to all the nodes connected (in this case one level deep)

MATCH (d:Person {name:'Daniel'})
SET d.surname = 'William'
apoc.trigger.add.setAllConnectedNodes

The surname property is add/change on all related nodes

Update labels

Dataset

CREATE (k:Actor {name:'Keanu Reeves'})
CREATE (l:Actor {name:'Laurence Fishburne'})
CREATE (c:Actor {name:'Carrie-Anne Moss'})
CREATE (m:Movie {title:'Matrix'})
CREATE (k)-[:ACT_IN]->(m)
CREATE (l)-[:ACT_IN]->(m)
CREATE (c)-[:ACT_IN]->(m)
apoc.trigger.add.setLabels

We add a trigger using apoc.trigger.nodesByLabel that when the label Actor of a node is removed, update all labels Actor with Person

CALL apoc.trigger.add('updateLabels',"UNWIND apoc.trigger.nodesByLabel({removedLabels},'Actor') AS node
MATCH (n:Actor)
REMOVE n:Actor SET n:Person SET node:Person", {phase:'before'})
MATCH(k:Actor {name:'Keanu Reeves'})
REMOVE k:Actor
apoc.trigger.add.setLabelsResult
Create relationship on a new node

We can add a trigger that connect every new node with label Actor and as name property a specific value

CALL apoc.trigger.add('create-rel-new-node',"UNWIND {createdNodes} AS n
MATCH (m:Movie {title:'Matrix'})
WHERE n:Actor AND n.name IN ['Keanu Reeves','Laurence Fishburne','Carrie-Anne Moss']
CREATE (n)-[:ACT_IN]->(m)", {phase:'before'})
CREATE (k:Actor {name:'Keanu Reeves'})
CREATE (l:Actor {name:'Laurence Fishburne'})
CREATE (c:Actor {name:'Carrie-Anne Moss'})
CREATE (a:Actor {name:'Tom Hanks'})
CREATE (m:Movie {title:'Matrix'})
apoc.trigger.add.create rel new node
Pause trigger

We have the possibility to pause a trigger without remove it, if we will need it in the future

apoc.trigger.pause
Resume paused trigger

When you need again of a trigger paused

apoc.trigger.resume
Enforcing property type

For this example, we would like that all the reference node properties are of type STRING

CALL apoc.trigger.add("forceStringType",
"UNWIND apoc.trigger.propertiesByKey({assignedNodeProperties}, 'reference') AS prop
CALL apoc.util.validate(apoc.meta.type(prop) <> 'STRING', 'expected string property type, got %s', [apoc.meta.type(prop)]) RETURN null", {phase:'before'})
CREATE (a:Node) SET a.reference = 1

Neo.ClientError.Transaction.TransactionHookFailed
Other examples
CALL apoc.trigger.add('timestamp','UNWIND {createdNodes} AS n SET n.ts = timestamp()');
CALL apoc.trigger.add('lowercase','UNWIND {createdNodes} AS n SET n.id = toLower(n.name)');
CALL apoc.trigger.add('txInfo',   'UNWIND {createdNodes} AS n SET n.txId = {transactionId}, n.txTime = {commitTime}', {phase:'after'});
CALL apoc.trigger.add('count-removed-rels','MATCH (c:Counter) SET c.count = c.count + size([r IN {deletedRelationships} WHERE type(r) = "X"])')
CALL apoc.trigger.add('lowercase-by-label','UNWIND apoc.trigger.nodesByLabel({assignedLabels},'Person') AS n SET n.id = toLower(n.name)')

Schema

To retrieve indexes and constraints information for all the node labels in your database, you can use the following procedure:

CALL apoc.schema.nodes() yield name, label, properties, status, type

Where the outputs are:

  • name of the index/constraint,

  • label

  • properties, (for Neo4j 3.1 and lower versions is a single element array) that are affected by the constraint

  • status, for index can be one of the following values: ONLINE, POPULATING and FAILED

  • type, always "INDEX" for indexes, constraint type for constraints

To retrieve the constraint information for all the relationship types in your database, you can use the following procedure:

CALL apoc.schema.relationships() yield name, type, properties, status

Where the outputs are:

  • name of the constraint

  • type of the relationship

  • properties, (for Neo4j 3.1 and lower versions is a single element array) that are affected by the constraint

  • status

N.B. Constraints for property existence on nodes and relationships are available only for the Enterprise Edition.

Examples
List indexes and constraints for nodes

Given the following cypher statements:

CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (bar:Bar) ASSERT exists(bar.foobar)
CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (bar:Bar) ASSERT bar.foo IS UNIQUE
CREATE INDEX ON :Person(name)
CREATE INDEX ON :Publication(name)
CREATE INDEX ON :Source(name)

When you

CALL apoc.schema.nodes()

you will receive this result:

apoc.schema.nodes
List constraints for relationships

Given the following cypher statements:

CREATE CONSTRAINT ON ()-[like:LIKED]-() ASSERT exists(like.day)
CREATE CONSTRAINT ON ()-[starred:STARRED]-() ASSERT exists(starred.month)

When you

CALL apoc.schema.relationships()

you will receive this result:

apoc.schema.relationships
Check if an index or a constraint exists for a Label and property

Given the previous index definitions, running this statement:

RETURN apoc.schema.node.indexExists("Publication", ["name"])

produces the following output:

apoc.schema.node.indexExists

Given the previous constraint definitions, running this statement:

RETURN apoc.schema.node.constraintExists("Bar", ["foobar"])

produces the following output:

apoc.schema.node.constraintExists

If you want to check if a constraint exists for a relationship you can run this statement:

RETURN apoc.schema.relationship.constraintExists('LIKED', ['day'])

and you get the following result:

apoc.schema.relationship.constraintExists

Atomic

Atomic procedures handle the concurrency, it’s add a lock to the resource. If two users access to the same resource at the same time, with the parameter times (default value 5) we can determine how many time retry to modify the resource, until the lock is release.

CALL apoc.atomic.add(node/relationship, "property", number, [times]) YIELD oldValue, newValue

adds the number to the value of the property

CALL apoc.atomic.subtract(node/relationship, "property", number, [times]) YIELD oldValue, newValue

subtracts the number to the value of the property

CALL apoc.atomic.concat(node/relationship, "property", "string", [times]) YIELD oldValue, newValue

concatenate the string to the property

CALL apoc.atomic.insert(node/relationship, "property", position, object, [times]) YIELD oldValue, newValue

inserts the object in the chosen position of the array

CALL apoc.atomic.remove(node/relationship, "property", position, [times]) YIELD oldValue, newValue

remove from the array the element to the position selected

CALL apoc.atomic.update(node/relationship, "property", "expression", [times]) YIELD oldValue, newValue

update the property with the result of the expression

Atomic Examples

add

Dataset

CREATE (p:Person {name:'Tom',age: 40})

We can add 10 to the property age

MATCH (n:Person {name:'Tom'})
CALL apoc.atomic.add(n,'age',10,5) YIELD oldValue, newValue
RETURN n
apoc.atomic.add
subtract

From the previous example we can go back to age: 40

MATCH (n:Person {name:'Tom'})
CALL apoc.atomic.subtract(n,'age',10,5) YIELD oldValue, newValue
RETURN n
concat

Dataset

CREATE (p:Person {name:'Will',age: 35})
MATCH (p:Person {name:'Will',age: 35})
CALL apoc.atomic.concat(p,"name",'iam',5) YIELD newValue
RETURN p
apoc.atomic.concat
insert

Dataset

we add a propery children that is an array

CREATE (p:Person {name:'Tom', children: ['Anne','Sam','Paul']})
apoc.atomic.insert

Now we add Mary to propery children at the position 2

MATCH (p:Person {name:'Tom'})
CALL apoc.atomic.insert(p,'children',2,'Mary',5) YIELD newValue
RETURN p
apoc.atomic.insert.result
remove

Dataset

CREATE (p:Person {name:'Tom', cars: ['Class A','X3','Focus']})

Now we remove the element X3 which is at the position 1 from the array cars

MATCH (p:Person {name:'Tom'})
CALL apoc.atomic.remove(p,'cars',1,5) YIELD newValue
RETURN p
apoc.atomic.remove
update

Dataset

CREATE (p:Person {name:'Tom', salary1:1800, salary2:1500})

We want to update salary1 with the result of an expression. The expression always have to be referenced with the n. that refers to the node/rel passed as parameter. If we rename our node/rel (as in the example above) we have anyway to refer to it in the expression as n.

MATCH (p:Person {name:'Tom'})
CALL apoc.atomic.update(p,'salary1','n.salary1*3 + n.salary2',5) YIELD newValue
RETURN p
apoc.atomic.update

Bolt

Bolt procedures allows to accessing other databases via bolt protocol.

CALL apoc.bolt.execute(urlOrKey, statement, params, config) YIELD row

access to other databases via bolt for read and write

CALL apoc.bolt.load(urlOrKey, statement, params, config) YIELD row

access to other databases via bolt for read

urlOrKey param allows users to decide if send url by apoc or if put it into neo4j.conf file.

  • apoc : write the complete url in his right position on the apoc.

call apoc.bolt.load("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687","match(p:Person {name:{name}}) return p", {name:'Michael'})
  • neo4j.conf : here the are two choices:

1) complete url: write the complete url with the param apoc.bolt.url;

apoc
call apoc.bolt.load("","match(p:Person {name:{name}}) return p", {name:'Michael'})
neo4jConf
//simple url
apoc.bolt.url=bolt://user:password@localhost:7687

2) by key: set the url with a personal key apoc.bolt.yourKey.url; in this case in the apoc on the url param user has to insert the key.

apoc
call apoc.bolt.load("test","match(p:Person {name:{name}}) return p", {name:'Michael'})
neo4jConf
//with key
apoc.bolt.test.url=bolt://user:password@localhost:7687
apoc.bolt.production.url=bolt://password:test@localhost:7688

Config available are:

  • statistics: possible values are true/false, the default value is false. This config print the execution statistics;

  • virtual: possible values are true/false, the default value is false. This config return result in virtual format and not in map format, in apoc.bolt.load.

Driver configuration

To set the configuration of the Driver, you can add the parameter driverConfig in the config. Is’s a map of values, the values that we don’t pass to the config, are set to the default value.

{logging='INFO', encryption=true, logLeakedSessions:true, maxIdleConnectionPoolSize:10, idleTimeBeforeConnectionTest:-1, trustStrategy:'TRUST_ALL_CERTIFICATES',
 routingFailureLimit: 1, routingRetryDelayMillis:5000, connectionTimeoutMillis:5000, maxRetryTimeMs:30000 }
param description possible values/ types

logging

logging provider to use

INFO, WARNING, OFF, SEVERE, CONFIG, FINE, FINER

encryption

Disable or enabled encryption

true, false

logLeakedSessions

Disable or enable logging of leaked sessions

true, false

maxIdleConnectionPoolSize

Max number of connections

number

idleTimeBeforeConnectionTest

Pooled connections that have been idle in the pool for longer than this timeout

Milliseconds

trustStrategy

Specify how to determine the authenticity of an encryption certificate provided by the Neo4j instance we are connecting to

TRUST_ALL_CERTIFICATES, TRUST_SYSTEM_CA_SIGNED_CERTIFICATES, or directly a custom certificate

routingFailureLimit

the number of times to retry each server in the list of routing servers

number

routingRetryDelayMillis

Specify how long to wait before retrying to connect to a routing server

Milliseconds

connectionTimeoutMillis

Specify socket connection timeout

Milliseconds

maxRetryTimeMs

Specify the maximum time transactions are allowed to retry

Milliseconds

You can find all the values in the documentation Config.ConfigBuilder

Bolt Examples

Return node in map format

call apoc.bolt.execute("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687",
"match(p:Person {name:{name}}) return p", {name:'Michael'})
apoc.bolt.execute.nodemap

Return node in virtual Node format

call apoc.bolt.load("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687",
"match(p:Person {name:{name}}) return p", {name:'Michael'}, {virtual:true})
apoc.bolt.load.virtualnode

Create node and return statistic

call apoc.bolt.execute("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687",
"create(n:Node {name:{name}})", {name:'Node1'}, {statistics:true})
apoc.bolt.execute.createandstatistics

Return more scalar values

call apoc.bolt.execute("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687",
"match (n:Person {name:{name}}) return n.age as age, n.name as name, n.surname as surname", {name:'Michael'})
apoc.bolt.execute.scalarmulti

Return relationship in a map format

call apoc.bolt.load("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687",
"MATCH (n:Person{name:{name}})-[r:KNOWS]->(p) return r as rel", {name:'Anne'})
apoc.bolt.load.relmap

Return virtual path

call apoc.bolt.load("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687",
"START n=node({idNode}) MATCH path= (n)-[r:REL_TYPE*..3]->(o) return path", {idNode:200}, {virtual:true})
apoc.bolt.load.returnvirtualpath

Create a Node with params in input

call apoc.bolt.execute("bolt://user:password@localhost:7687",
"CREATE (n:Car{brand:{brand},model:{model},year:{year}}) return n", {brand:'Ferrari',model:'California',year:2016})
apoc.bolt.execute.createwithparams

Appendix: Complete Overview

Configuration Options

Set these config options in $NEO4J_HOME/neo4j.conf

All boolean options default to false, i.e. they are disabled, unless mentioned otherwise.

apoc.trigger.enabled=false/true

Enable triggers

apoc.ttl.enabled=false/true

Enable time to live background task

apoc.ttl.schedule=5

Set frequency in seconds to run ttl background task (default 60)

apoc.import.file.use_neo4j_config=false/true

Enable reading properties: dbms.directories.import,dbms.security.allow_csv_import_from_file_urls

apoc.import.file.enabled=false/true

Enable reading local files from disk

apoc.export.file.enabled=false/true

Enable writing local files to disk

apoc.jdbc.<key>.uri=jdbc-url-with-credentials

store jdbc-urls under a key to be used by apoc.load.jdbc

apoc.es.<key>.uri=es-url-with-credentials

store es-urls under a key to be used by elasticsearch procedures

apoc.mongodb.<key>.uri=mongodb-url-with-credentials

store mongodb-urls under a key to be used by mongodb procedures

apoc.couchbase.<key>.uri=couchbase-url-with-credentials

store couchbase-urls under a key to be used by couchbase procedures

apoc.jobs.scheduled.num_threads=number-of-threads

Many periodic procedures rely on a scheduled executor that has a pool of threads with a default fixed size. You can configure the pool size using this configuration property

apoc.jobs.default.num_threads=number-of-threads

Number of threads in the default APOC thread pool used for background executions.

Manual Indexes

Index Queries

Procedures to add to and query manual indexes

Note
Please note that there are (case-sensitive) automatic schema indexes, for equality, non-equality, existence, range queries, starts with, ends-with and contains!

apoc.index.addAllNodes('index-name',{label1:['prop1',…​],…​}, {options})

add all nodes to this full text index with the given fields, additionally populates a 'search' index field with all of them in one place

apoc.index.addNode(node,['prop1',…​])

add node to an index for each label it has

apoc.index.addNodeByLabel('Label',node,['prop1',…​])

add node to an index for the given label

apoc.index.addNodeByName('name',node,['prop1',…​])

add node to an index for the given name

apoc.index.addRelationship(rel,['prop1',…​])

add relationship to an index for its type

apoc.index.addRelationshipByName('name',rel,['prop1',…​])

add relationship to an index for the given name

apoc.index.removeNodeByName('name',node) remove node from an index for the given name

apoc.index.removeRelationshipByName('name',rel) remove relationship from an index for the given name

apoc.index.nodes with score

apoc.index.search('index-name', 'query') YIELD node, weight

search for the first 100 nodes in the given full text index matching the given lucene query returned by relevance

apoc.index.nodes('Label','prop:value*') YIELD node, weight

lucene query on node index with the given label name

apoc.index.relationships('TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD rel, weight

lucene query on relationship index with the given type name

apoc.index.between(node1,'TYPE',node2,'prop:value*') YIELD rel, weight

lucene query on relationship index with the given type name bound by either or both sides (each node parameter can be null)

apoc.index.out(node,'TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD node, weight

lucene query on relationship index with the given type name for outgoing relationship of the given node, returns end-nodes

apoc.index.in(node,'TYPE','prop:value*') YIELD node, weight

lucene query on relationship index with the given type name for incoming relationship of the given node, returns start-nodes

Index Management

CALL apoc.index.list() YIELD type,name,config

lists all manual indexes

CALL apoc.index.remove('name') YIELD type,name,config

removes manual indexes

CALL apoc.index.forNodes('name',{config}) YIELD type,name,config

gets or creates manual node index

CALL apoc.index.forRelationships('name',{config}) YIELD type,name,config

gets or creates manual relationship index

Add node to index example
match (p:Person) call apoc.index.addNode(p,["name","age"]) RETURN count(*);
// 129s for 1M People
call apoc.index.nodes('Person','name:name100*') YIELD node, weight return * limit 2

Schema Index Queries

Schema Index lookups that keep order and can apply limits

apoc.index.orderedRange(label,key,min,max,sort-relevance,limit) yield node

schema range scan which keeps index order and adds limit, values can be null, boundaries are inclusive

apoc.index.orderedByText(label,key,operator,value,sort-relevance,limit) yield node

schema string search which keeps index order and adds limit, operator is 'STARTS WITH' or 'CONTAINS'

Meta Graph

apoc.meta.graph

Returns a virtual graph that represents the labels and relationship-types available in your database and how they are connected.

Table 4. Procedures

CALL apoc.meta.graphSample()

examines the database statistics to build the meta graph, very fast, might report extra relationships

CALL apoc.meta.graph

examines the database statistics to create the meta-graph, post filters extra relationships by sampling

CALL apoc.meta.subGraph({labels:[labels],rels:[rel-types],excludes:[label,rel-type,…​]})

examines a sample sub graph to create the meta-graph

CALL apoc.meta.data

examines a subset of the graph to provide a tabular meta information

CALL apoc.meta.schema

examines a subset of the graph to provide a map-like meta information

CALL apoc.meta.stats yield labelCount, relTypeCount, propertyKeyCount, nodeCount, relCount, labels, relTypes, stats

returns the information stored in the transactional database statistics

Table 5. Functions

apoc.meta.type(value)

type name of a value (INTEGER,FLOAT,STRING,BOOLEAN,RELATIONSHIP,NODE,PATH,NULL,UNKNOWN,MAP,LIST)

apoc.meta.isType(value,type)

returns a row if type name matches none if not

apoc.meta.types(node or relationship or map)

returns a a map of property-keys to their names

isType example
MATCH (n:Person)
RETURN apoc.meta.isType(n.age,"INTEGER") as ageType

Schema

apoc.schema.assert({indexLabel:[indexKeys],…​},{constraintLabel:[constraintKeys],…​}, dropExisting : true) yield label, key, unique, action

drops all other existing indexes and constraints when dropExisting is true (default is true), and asserts that at the end of the operation the given indexes and unique constraints are there, each label:key pair is considered one constraint/label.

Locking

call apoc.lock.nodes([nodes])

acquires a write lock on the given nodes

call apoc.lock.rels([relationships])

acquires a write lock on the given relationship

call apoc.lock.all([nodes],[relationships])

acquires a write lock on the given nodes and relationships

from/toJson

Table 6. Functions

apoc.convert.toJson([1,2,3])

converts value to json string

apoc.convert.toJson( {a:42,b:"foo",c:[1,2,3]})

converts value to json map

apoc.convert.toSortedJsonMap(node|map, ignoreCase:true )

returns a JSON map with keys sorted alphabetically, with optional case sensitivity

apoc.convert.fromJsonList('[1,2,3]')

converts json list to Cypher list

apoc.convert.fromJsonMap( '{"a":42,"b":"foo","c":[1,2,3]}')

converts json map to Cypher map

apoc.convert.toTree([paths])

creates a stream of nested documents representing the at least one root of these paths

apoc.convert.getJsonProperty(node,key)

converts serialized JSON in property back to original object

apoc.convert.getJsonPropertyMap(node,key)

converts serialized JSON in property back to map

CALL apoc.convert.toTree([paths]) yield value

creates a stream of nested documents representing the at least one root of these paths

CALL apoc.convert.setJsonProperty(node,key,complexValue)

sets value serialized to JSON as property with the given name on the node

Export / Import

Export to CSV

YIELD file, source, format, nodes, relationships, properties, time, rows

apoc.export.csv.query(query,file,config)

exports results from the Cypher statement as CSV to the provided file

apoc.export.csv.all(file,config)

exports whole database as CSV to the provided file

apoc.export.csv.data(nodes,rels,file,config)

exports given nodes and relationships as CSV to the provided file

apoc.export.csv.graph(graph,file,config)

exports given graph object as CSV to the provided file

Export to Cypher Script

Data is exported as Cypher statements to the given file.

It is possible to choose between three export formats:

  • neo4j-shell: for Neo4j Shell and partly apoc.cypher.runFile

  • cypher-shell: for Cypher shell

  • plain: doesn’t output begin / commit / await just plain Cypher

To change the export format, you have to set it on the config params like {format : "cypher-shell"}.

By default the format is neo4j-shell.

It is possible to choose between four cypher export formats: To change the cypher export format, you have to set it on the config params like {cypherFormat: "updateAll"}

  • create: all CREATE

  • updateAll: MERGE instead of CREATE

  • addStructure: MATCH for nodes + MERGE for rels

  • updateStructure: MERGE + MATCH for nodes and rels

Format and cypherFormat can be used both in the same query giving you complete control over the exact export format:

call apoc.export.cypher.query(
"MATCH (p1:Person)-[r:KNOWS]->(p2:Person) RETURN p1,r,p2",
"/tmp/friendships.cypher",
{format:'plain',cypherFormat:'updateStructure'})`

YIELD file, source, format, nodes, relationships, properties, time

apoc.export.cypher.all(file,config)

exports whole database incl. indexes as Cypher statements to the provided file

apoc.export.cypher.data(nodes,rels,file,config)

exports given nodes and relationships incl. indexes as Cypher statements to the provided file

apoc.export.cypher.graph(graph,file,config)

exports given graph object incl. indexes as Cypher statements to the provided file

apoc.export.cypher.query(query,file,config)

exports nodes and relationships from the Cypher statement incl. indexes as Cypher statements to the provided file

apoc.export.cypher.schema(file,config)

exports all schema indexes and constraints to cypher

Examples

exportAll (neo4j-shell format)
CALL apoc.export.cypher.all({fileName},{config})

Result:

begin
CREATE (:`Foo`:`UNIQUE IMPORT LABEL` {`name`:"foo", `UNIQUE IMPORT ID`:0});
CREATE (:`Bar` {`name`:"bar", `age`:42});
CREATE (:`Bar`:`UNIQUE IMPORT LABEL` {`age`:12, `UNIQUE IMPORT ID`:2});
commit
begin
CREATE INDEX ON :`Foo`(`name`);
CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (node:`Bar`) ASSERT node.`name` IS UNIQUE;
CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (node:`UNIQUE IMPORT LABEL`) ASSERT node.`UNIQUE IMPORT ID` IS UNIQUE;
commit
schema await
begin
MATCH (n1:`UNIQUE IMPORT LABEL`{`UNIQUE IMPORT ID`:0}), (n2:`Bar`{`name`:"bar"}) CREATE (n1)-[:`KNOWS`]->(n2);
commit
begin
MATCH (n:`UNIQUE IMPORT LABEL`)  WITH n LIMIT 20000 REMOVE n:`UNIQUE IMPORT LABEL` REMOVE n.`UNIQUE IMPORT ID`;
commit
begin
DROP CONSTRAINT ON (node:`UNIQUE IMPORT LABEL`) ASSERT node.`UNIQUE IMPORT ID` IS UNIQUE;
commit
exportSchema (neo4j-shell format)
CALL apoc.export.cypher.schema({fileName},{config})

Result:

begin
CREATE INDEX ON :`Foo`(`name`);
CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (node:`Bar`) ASSERT node.`name` IS UNIQUE;
commit
schema await

GraphML Import / Export

GraphML is used by other tools, like Gephi and CytoScape to read graph data.

YIELD file, source, format, nodes, relationships, properties, time

apoc.import.graphml(file-or-url,{batchSize: 10000, readLabels: true, storeNodeIds: false, defaultRelationshipType:"RELATED"})

imports graphml into the graph

apoc.export.graphml.all(file,config)

exports whole database as graphml to the provided file

apoc.export.graphml.data(nodes,rels,file,config)

exports given nodes and relationships as graphml to the provided file

apoc.export.graphml.graph(graph,file,config)

exports given graph object as graphml to the provided file

apoc.export.graphml.query(query,file,config)

exports nodes and relationships from the Cypher statement as graphml to the provided file

Table 7. configuration options
param default description

batchSize

20000

define the batch size

delim

","

define the delimiter character (export csv)

quotes

quote-character used for CSV

useTypes

false

add type on file header (export csv and graphml export)

format

"neo4j-shell"

In export to Cypher script define the export format. Possible values are: "cypher-shell","neo4j-shell" and "plain"

nodesOfRelationships

false

if enabled add relationship between nodes (export Cypher)

storeNodeIds

false

set nodes' ids (import/export graphml)

readLabels

false

read nodes' labels (import/export graphml)

defaultRelationshipType

"RELATED"

set relationship type (import/export graphml)

separateFiles

false

export results in separated file by type (nodes, relationships..)

cypherFormat

create

In export to cypher script, define the cypher format (for example use MERGE instead of CREATE). Possible values are: "create", "updateAll", "addStructure", "updateStructure".

Loading Data from RDBMS

apoc jdbc northwind load

CALL apoc.load.jdbc('jdbc:derby:derbyDB','PERSON') YIELD row CREATE (:Person {name:row.name})

load from relational database, either a full table or a sql statement

CALL apoc.load.jdbc('jdbc:derby:derbyDB','SELECT * FROM PERSON WHERE AGE > 18')

load from relational database, either a full table or a sql statement

CALL apoc.load.driver('org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver')

register JDBC driver of source database

To simplify the JDBC URL syntax and protect credentials, you can configure aliases in conf/neo4j.conf:

apoc.jdbc.myDB.url=jdbc:derby:derbyDB
CALL apoc.load.jdbc('jdbc:derby:derbyDB','PERSON')

becomes

CALL apoc.load.jdbc('myDB','PERSON')

The 3rd value in the apoc.jdbc.<alias>.url= effectively defines an alias to be used in apoc.load.jdbc('<alias>',…​.

Loading Data from Web-APIs (JSON, XML, CSV)

Supported protocols are file, http, https with redirect allowed. In case no protocol is passed, this procedure set will try to check whether the url is actually a file. Moreover, if 'apoc.import.file.use_neo4j_config' is enabled the procedures verify whether file system access is allowed and eventually constrained to a specific directory by reading the two configuration parameters dbms.security.allow_csv_import_from_file_urls and dbms.directories.import respectively.

CALL apoc.load.json('http://example.com/map.json', [path], [config]) YIELD value as person CREATE (p:Person) SET p = person

load from JSON URL (e.g. web-api) to import JSON as stream of values if the JSON was an array or a single value if it was a map

CALL apoc.load.xml('http://example.com/test.xml', ['xPath'], [config]) YIELD value as doc CREATE (p:Person) SET p.name = doc.name

load from XML URL (e.g. web-api) to import XML as single nested map with attributes and _type, _text and _children fields.

CALL apoc.load.xmlSimple('http://example.com/test.xml') YIELD value as doc CREATE (p:Person) SET p.name = doc.name

load from XML URL (e.g. web-api) to import XML as single nested map with attributes and type, _text fields and <childtype> collections per child-element-type.

CALL apoc.load.csv('url',{sep:";"}) YIELD lineNo, list, map

load CSV fom URL as stream of values
config contains any of: {skip:1,limit:5,header:false,sep:'TAB',ignore:['tmp'],arraySep:';',mapping:{years:{type:'int',arraySep:'-',array:false,name:'age',ignore:false}}

failOnError

Adding on config the parameter failOnError:false (by default true), in case of error the procedure don’t fail but just return zero rows.

apoc.es.stats(host-url-Key)

elastic search statistics

apoc.es.get(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,id-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value

perform a GET operation

apoc.es.query(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value

perform a SEARCH operation

apoc.es.getRaw(host-or-port,path,payload-or-null) yield value

perform a raw GET operation

apoc.es.postRaw(host-or-port,path,payload-or-null) yield value

perform a raw POST operation

apoc.es.post(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value

perform a POST operation

apoc.es.put(host-or-port,index-or-null,type-or-null,query-or-null,payload-or-null) yield value

perform a PUT operation

Interacting with MongoDB

CALL apoc.mongodb.get(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null,[compatibleValues=true

false]) yield value

perform a find operation on mongodb collection

CALL apoc.mongodb.count(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null) yield value

perform a find operation on mongodb collection

CALL apoc.mongodb.first(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null,[compatibleValues=true

false]) yield value

perform a first operation on mongodb collection

CALL apoc.mongodb.find(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,query-or-null,projection-or-null,sort-or-null,[compatibleValues=true

false]) yield value

perform a find,project,sort operation on mongodb collection

CALL apoc.mongodb.insert(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,list-of-maps)

inserts the given documents into the mongodb collection

CALL apoc.mongodb.delete(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,list-of-maps)

inserts the given documents into the mongodb collection

CALL apoc.mongodb.update(host-or-port,db-or-null,collection-or-null,list-of-maps)

If your documents have date fields or any other type that can be automatically converted by Neo4j, you need to set compatibleValues to true. These values will be converted according to Jackson databind default mapping.

Copy these jars into the plugins directory:

  • bson-3.4.2.jar

  • mongo-java-driver-3.4.2.jar

  • mongodb-driver-3.4.2.jar

  • mongodb-driver-core-3.4.2.jar

You should be able to get them from here, and here (BSON) (via Download)

Or you get them locally from your gradle build of apoc.

gradle copyRuntimeLibs
cp lib/mongodb*.jar lib/bson*.jar $NEO4J_HOME/plugins/
CALL apoc.mongodb.first('mongodb://localhost:27017','test','test',{name:'testDocument'})

If you need automatic conversion of unpackable values then the cypher query will be:

CALL apoc.mongodb.first('mongodb://localhost:27017','test','test',{name:'testDocument'},true)

Interacting with Couchbase

CALL apoc.couchbase.get(nodes, bucket, documentId) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content

Retrieves a couchbase json document by its unique ID

CALL apoc.couchbase.exists(nodes, bucket, documentId) yield value

Check whether a couchbase json document with the given ID does exist

CALL apoc.couchbase.insert(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content

Insert a couchbase json document with its unique ID

CALL apoc.couchbase.upsert(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content

Insert or overwrite a couchbase json document with its unique ID

CALL apoc.couchbase.append(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content

Append a couchbase json document to an existing one

CALL apoc.couchbase.prepend(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content

Prepend a couchbase json document to an existing one

CALL apoc.couchbase.remove(nodes, bucket, documentId) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content

Remove the couchbase json document identified by its unique ID

CALL apoc.couchbase.replace(nodes, bucket, documentId, jsonDocument) yield id, expiry, cas, mutationToken, content

Replace the content of the couchbase json document identified by its unique ID.

CALL apoc.couchbase.query(nodes, bucket, statement) yield queryResult

Executes a plain un-parameterized N1QL statement.

CALL apoc.couchbase.posParamsQuery(nodes, bucket, statement, params) yield queryResult

Executes a N1QL statement with positional parameters.

CALL apoc.couchbase.namedParamsQuery(nodes, bucket, statement, paramNames, paramValues) yield queryResult

Executes a N1QL statement with named parameters.

Copy these jars into the plugins directory:

mvn dependency:copy-dependencies
cp target/dependency/java-client-2.3.1.jar target/dependency/core-io-1.3.1.jar target/dependency/rxjava-1.1.5.jar $NEO4J_HOME/plugins/
CALL apoc.couchbase.get(['localhost'], 'default', 'artist:vincent_van_gogh')

Streaming Data to Gephi

apoc.gephi.add(url-or-key, workspace, data)

streams provided data to Gephi

Creating Data

CALL apoc.create.node(['Label'], {key:value,…​})

create node with dynamic labels

CALL apoc.create.nodes(['Label'], [{key:value,…​}])

create multiple nodes with dynamic labels

CALL apoc.create.addLabels( [node,id,ids,nodes], ['Label',…​])

adds the given labels to the node or nodes

CALL apoc.create.removeLabels( [node,id,ids,nodes], ['Label',…​])

removes the given labels from the node or nodes

CALL apoc.create.setProperty( [node,id,ids,nodes], key, value)

sets the given property on the node(s)

CALL apoc.create.setProperties( [node,id,ids,nodes], [keys], [values])

sets the given property on the nodes(s)

CALL apoc.create.setRelProperty( [rel,id,ids,rels], key, value)

sets the given property on the relationship(s)

CALL apoc.create.setRelProperties( [rel,id,ids,rels], [keys], [values])

sets the given property on the relationship(s)

CALL apoc.create.relationship(person1,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, person2)

create relationship with dynamic rel-type

CALL apoc.create.uuids(count) YIELD uuid, row

creates count UUIDs

CALL apoc.nodes.link([nodes],'REL_TYPE')

creates a linked list of nodes from first to last

CALL apoc.nodes.isDense(node/[nodes]/id/[ids]) yield node, dense

returns each node and a 'dense' flag if it is a dense node

CALL apoc.node.relationship.exists(node, rel-direction-pattern)

yields true effectively when the node has the relationships of the pattern

apoc.create.uuid()

returns an UUID

Virtual Nodes/Rels

Virtual Nodes and Relationships don’t exist in the graph, they are only returned to the UI/user for representing a graph projection. They can be visualized or processed otherwise. Please note that they have negative id’s.

CALL apoc.create.vNode(['Label'], {key:value,…​}) YIELD node

returns a virtual node

apoc.create.vNode(['Label'], {key:value,…​})

returns a virtual node

CALL apoc.create.vNodes(['Label'], [{key:value,…​}])

returns virtual nodes

CALL apoc.create.vRelationship(nodeFrom,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, nodeTo) YIELD rel

returns a virtual relationship

apoc.create.vRelationship(nodeFrom,'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, nodeTo)

returns a virtual relationship

CALL apoc.create.vPattern({_labels:['LabelA'],key:value},'KNOWS',{key:value,…​}, {_labels:['LabelB'],key:value})

returns a virtual pattern

CALL apoc.create.vPatternFull(['LabelA'],{key:value},'KNOWS',{key:value,…​},['LabelB'],{key:value})

returns a virtual pattern

CALL apoc.nodes.group([labels],[properties],[{node-aggregation},{rel-aggregation]) yield nodes, relationships

Group all nodes and their relationships by given keys, create virtual nodes and relationships for the summary information, you can provide an aggregations map for nodes and rels [{kids:'sum',age:['min','max','avg'],gender:'collect'},{*,'count'}]

Virtual Graph

Create a graph object (map) from information that’s passed in. It’s basic structure is: {name:"Name",properties:{properties},nodes:[nodes],relationships:[relationships]}

apoc.graph.from(data,'name',{properties}) yield graph

creates a virtual graph object for later processing it tries its best to extract the graph information from the data you pass in

apoc.graph.fromData([nodes],[relationships],'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromPaths(path,'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromPaths([paths],'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromDB('name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

apoc.graph.fromCypher('statement',{params},'name',{properties})

creates a virtual graph object for later processing

Generating Graphs

Generate undirected (random direction) graphs with semi-real random distributions based on theoretical models.

apoc.generate.er(noNodes, noEdges, 'label', 'type')

generates a graph according to Erdos-Renyi model (uniform)

apoc.generate.ws(noNodes, degree, beta, 'label', 'type')

generates a graph according to Watts-Strogatz model (clusters)

apoc.generate.ba(noNodes, edgesPerNode, 'label', 'type')

generates a graph according to Barabasi-Albert model (preferential attachment)

apoc.generate.complete(noNodes, 'label', 'type')

generates a complete graph (all nodes connected to all other nodes)

apoc.generate.simple([degrees], 'label', 'type')

generates a graph with the given degree distribution

Example

CALL apoc.generate.ba(1000, 2, 'TestLabel', 'TEST_REL_TYPE')
CALL apoc.generate.ws(1000, null, null, null)
CALL apoc.generate.simple([2,2,2,2], null, null)

Warmup

(thanks @SaschaPeukert)

CALL apoc.warmup.run()

Warmup the node and relationship page-caches by loading one page at a time

Monitoring

(thanks @ikwattro)

apoc.monitor.ids

node and relationships-ids in total and in use

apoc.monitor.kernel

store information such as kernel version, start time, read-only, database-name, store-log-version etc.

apoc.monitor.store

store size information for the different types of stores

apoc.monitor.tx

number of transactions total,opened,committed,concurrent,rolled-back,last-tx-id

apoc.monitor.locks(minWaitTime long)

db locking information such as avertedDeadLocks, lockCount, contendedLockCount and contendedLocks etc. (enterprise)

Cypher Execution

CALL apoc.cypher.run(fragment, params) yield value

executes reading fragment with the given parameters

apoc.cypher.runFirstColumn(statement, params, [expectMultiplevalues])

function that executes statement with given parameters returning first column only, if expectMultipleValues is true will collect results into a list

CALL apoc.cypher.runFile(file or url) yield row, result

runs each statement in the file, all semicolon separated - currently no schema operations

CALL apoc.cypher.runFiles([files or urls]) yield row, result

runs each statement in the files, all semicolon separated

CALL apoc.cypher.runSchemaFile(file or url) - allows only schema operations, runs each schema statement in the file, all semicolon separated

CALL apoc.cypher.runSchemaFiles([files or urls]) - allows only schema operations, runs each schema statement in the files, all semicolon separated

CALL apoc.cypher.runMany('cypher;\nstatements;',{params})

runs each semicolon separated statement and returns summary - currently no schema operations

CALL apoc.cypher.mapParallel(fragment, params, list-to-parallelize) yield value

executes fragment in parallel batches with the list segments being assigned to _

CALL apoc.cypher.doIt(fragment, params) yield value

executes writing fragment with the given parameters

CALL apoc.cypher.runTimeboxed('cypherStatement',{params}, timeout)

abort statement after timeout millis if not finished

Conditional Cypher Execution

CALL apoc.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

based on the conditional, executes read-only ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

CALL apoc.do.when(condition, ifQuery, elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

based on the conditional, executes writing ifQuery or elseQuery with the given parameters

CALL apoc.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

given a list of conditional / read-only query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

CALL apoc.do.case([condition, query, condition, query, …​], elseQuery:'', params:{}) yield value

given a list of conditional / writing query pairs, executes the query associated with the first conditional evaluating to true (or the else query if none are true) with the given parameters

Triggers

Enable apoc.trigger.enabled=true in $NEO4J_HOME/config/neo4j.conf first.

CALL apoc.trigger.add(name, statement, selector) yield name, statement, installed

add a trigger statement under a name, in the statement you can use {createdNodes}, {deletedNodes} etc., the selector is {phase:'before/after/rollback'} returns previous and new trigger information

CALL apoc.trigger.remove(name) yield name, statement, installed

remove previously added trigger, returns trigger information

CALL apoc.trigger.list() yield name, statement, installed

update and list all installed triggers

CALL apoc.trigger.pause(name)

it pauses the trigger

CALL apoc.trigger.resume(name)

it resumes the paused trigger

Helper Functions

apoc.trigger.nodesByLabel({assignedLabels},'Label')

function to filter labelEntries by label, to be used within a trigger statement with {assignedLabels} and {removedLabels} {phase:'before/after/rollback'} returns previous and new trigger information

apoc.trigger.propertiesByKey({assignedNodeProperties},'key')

function to filter propertyEntries by property-key, to be used within a trigger statement with {assignedNode/RelationshipProperties} and {removedNode/RelationshipProperties}. Returns [{old,new,key,node,relationship}]

Job Management

CALL apoc.periodic.commit(statement, params)

repeats an batch update statement until it returns 0, this procedure is blocking

CALL apoc.periodic.list()

list all jobs

CALL apoc.periodic.submit('name',statement)

submit a one-off background statement

CALL apoc.periodic.schedule('name',statement,repeat-time-in-seconds)

submit a repeatedly-called background statement

CALL apoc.periodic.countdown('name',statement,delay-in-seconds)

submit a repeatedly-called background statement until it returns 0

CALL apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll(statementIteration, statementAction, batchSize) YIELD batches, total

iterate over first statement and apply action statement with given transaction batch size. Returns to numeric values holding the number of batches and the number of total processed rows. E.g.

CALL apoc.periodic.iterate('statement returning items', 'statement per item', {batchSize:1000,parallel:true,retries:3,iterateList:true}) YIELD batches, total

run the second statement for each item returned by the first statement. Returns number of batches and total processed rows

  • there are also static methods Jobs.submit, and Jobs.schedule to be used from other procedures

  • jobs list is checked / cleared every 10s for finished jobs

copies over the name property of each person to lastname
CALL apoc.periodic.rock_n_roll('match (p:Person) return id(p) as id_p', 'MATCH (p) where id(p)={id_p} SET p.lastname =p.name', 20000)

Graph Refactoring

call apoc.refactor.cloneNodes([node1,node2,…​])

clone nodes with their labels and properties

call apoc.refactor.cloneNodesWithRelationships([node1,node2,…​])

clone nodes with their labels, properties and relationships

call apoc.refactor.mergeNodes([node1,node2])

merge nodes onto first in list

call apoc.refactor.mergeRelationships([rel1,rel2,…​],{config})

merge relationships onto first in list

call apoc.refactor.to(rel, endNode)

redirect relationship to use new end-node

call apoc.refactor.from(rel, startNode)

redirect relationship to use new start-node

call apoc.refactor.invert(rel)

inverts relationship direction

call apoc.refactor.setType(rel, 'NEW-TYPE')

change relationship-type

call apoc.refactor.extractNode([rel1,rel2,…​], [labels], 'OUT','IN')

extract node from relationships

call apoc.refactor.collapseNode([node1,node2],'TYPE')

collapse node to relationship, node with one rel becomes self-relationship

call apoc.refactor.normalizeAsBoolean(entity, propertyKey, true_values, false_values)

normalize/convert a property to be boolean

call apoc.refactor.categorize(node, propertyKey, type, outgoing, label)

turn each unique propertyKey into a category node and connect to it

On mergeRelationship with config properties you can choose from 3 different management: * "overwrite" : if there is the same property in more relationship, in the new one will have the last relationship’s property value * "discard" : if there is the same property in more relationship, the new one will have the first relationship’s property value * "combine" : if there is the same property in more relationship, the new one a value’s array with all relationships' values

TODO:

  • merge nodes by label + property

Spatial

CALL apoc.spatial.geocode('address') YIELD location, latitude, longitude, description, osmData

look up geographic location of location from openstreetmap geocoding service

CALL apoc.spatial.sortPathsByDistance(Collection<Path>) YIELD path, distance

sort a given collection of paths by geographic distance based on lat/long properties on the path nodes

Helpers

Static Value Storage

apoc.static.get(name)

returns statically stored value from config (apoc.static.<key>) or server lifetime storage

apoc.static.getAll(prefix)

returns statically stored values from config (apoc.static.<prefix>) or server lifetime storage

apoc.static.set(name, value)

stores value under key for server livetime storage, returns previously stored or configured value

Conversion Functions

Sometimes type information gets lost, these functions help you to coerce an "Any" value to the concrete type

apoc.convert.toString(value)

tries it’s best to convert the value to a string

apoc.convert.toMap(value)

tries it’s best to convert the value to a map

apoc.convert.toList(value)

tries it’s best to convert the value to a list

apoc.convert.toBoolean(value)

tries it’s best to convert the value to a boolean

apoc.convert.toNode(value)

tries it’s best to convert the value to a node

apoc.convert.toRelationship(value)

tries it’s best to convert the value to a relationship

apoc.convert.toSet(value)

tries it’s best to convert the value to a set

Map Functions

apoc.map.fromNodes(label, property)

creates map from nodes with this label grouped by property

apoc.map.fromPairs([[key,value],[key2,value2],…​])

creates map from list with key-value pairs

apoc.map.fromLists([keys],[values])

creates map from a keys and a values list

apoc.map.fromValues([key,value,key1,value1])

creates map from alternating keys and values in a list

apoc.map.merge({first},{second}) yield value

creates map from merging the two source maps

apoc.map.mergeList([{maps}]) yield value

merges all maps in the list into one

apoc.map.setKey(map,key,value)

returns the map with the value for this key added or replaced

apoc.map.removeKey(map,key)

returns the map with the key removed

apoc.map.removeKeys(map,[keys])

returns the map with the keys removed

apoc.map.clean(map,[keys],[values]) yield value

removes the keys and values (e.g. null-placeholders) contained in those lists, good for data cleaning from CSV/JSON

apoc.map.groupBy([maps/nodes/relationships],'key') yield value

creates a map of the list keyed by the given property, with single values

apoc.map.groupByMulti([maps/nodes/relationships],'key') yield value

creates a map of the list keyed by the given property, with list values

apoc.map.sortedProperties(map, ignoreCase:true)

returns a list of key/value list pairs, with pairs sorted by keys alphabetically, with optional case sensitivity

apoc.map.updateTree(tree,key,)

returns map - adds the {data} map on each level of the nested tree, where the key-value pairs match

Collection Functions

apoc.coll.sum([0.5,1,2.3])

sum of all values in a list

apoc.coll.avg([0.5,1,2.3])

avg of all values in a list

apoc.coll.min([0.5,1,2.3])

minimum of all values in a list

apoc.coll.max([0.5,1,2.3])

maximum of all values in a list

apoc.coll.sumLongs([1,3,3])

sums all numeric values in a list

apoc.coll.partition(list,batchSize)

partitions a list into sublists of batchSize

apoc.coll.zip([list1],[list2])

all values in a list

apoc.coll.pairs([1,2,3]) YIELD value

[1,2],[2,3],[3,null]

apoc.coll.pairsMin([1,2,3]) YIELD value

[1,2],[2,3]

apoc.coll.toSet([list])

returns a unique list backed by a set

apoc.coll.sort(coll)

sort on Collections

apoc.coll.sortNodes([nodes], 'name')

sort nodes by property

apoc.coll.sortMaps([maps], 'key')

sort maps by map key

apoc.coll.reverse(coll)

returns the reversed list

apoc.coll.contains(coll, value)

optimized contains operation (using a HashSet) (returns single row or not)

apoc.coll.containsAll(coll, values)

optimized contains-all operation (using a HashSet) (returns single row or not)

apoc.coll.containsSorted(coll, value)

optimized contains on a sorted list operation (Collections.binarySearch) (returns single row or not)

apoc.coll.containsAllSorted(coll, value)

optimized contains-all on a sorted list operation (Collections.binarySearch) (returns single row or not)

apoc.coll.union(first, second)

creates the distinct union of the 2 lists

apoc.coll.subtract(first, second)

returns unique set of first list with all elements of second list removed

apoc.coll.removeAll(first, second)

returns first list with all elements of second list removed

apoc.coll.intersection(first, second)

returns the unique intersection of the two lists

apoc.coll.disjunction(first, second)

returns the disjunct set of the two lists

apoc.coll.unionAll(first, second)

creates the full union with duplicates of the two lists

apoc.coll.split(list,value)

splits collection on given values rows of lists, value itself will not be part of resulting lists

apoc.coll.indexOf(coll, value)

position of value in the list

apoc.coll.shuffle(coll)

returns the shuffled list

apoc.coll.randomItem(coll)

returns a random item from the list

apoc.coll.randomItems(coll, itemCount, allowRepick: false)

returns a list of itemCount random items from the list, optionally allowing picked elements to be picked again

apoc.coll.containsDuplicates(coll)

returns true if a collection contains duplicate elements

apoc.coll.duplicates(coll)

returns a list of duplicate items in the collection

apoc.coll.duplicatesWithCount(coll)

returns a list of duplicate items in the collection and their count, keyed by item and count (e.g., [{item: xyz, count:2}, {item:zyx, count:5}])

apoc.coll.occurrences(coll, item)

returns the count of the given item in the collection

apoc.coll.sortMulti

sort list of maps by several sort fields (ascending with ^ prefix) and optionally applies limit and skip

apoc.coll.flatten

flattens a nested list

Lookup Functions

CALL apoc.get.nodes(node

id

[ids]) yield node

quickly returns all nodes with these id’s

CALL apoc.get.rels(rels

id

[ids]) yield rel

quickly returns all relationships with these id’s

Math Functions

apoc.math.round(value,[precision=0],mode=[HALF_UP,CEILING,FLOOR,UP,DOWN,HALF_EVEN,HALF_DOWN,DOWN,UNNECESSARY])

rounds value with optionally given precision (default 0) and optional rounding mode (default HALF_UP)

apoc.math.maxLong()

return the maximum value a long can have

apoc.math.minLong()

return the minimum value a long can have

apoc.math.maxDouble()

return the largest positive finite value of type double

apoc.math.minDouble()

return the smallest positive nonzero value of type double

apoc.math.maxInt()

return the maximum value a int can have

apoc.math.minInt()

return the minimum value a int can have

apoc.math.maxByte()

return the maximum value a byte can have

apoc.math.minByte()

return the minimum value a byte can have

Text Functions

apoc.text.replace(text, regex, replacement)

replace each substring of the given string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.

apoc.text.regexGroups(text, regex)

returns an array containing a nested array for each match. The inner array contains all match groups.

apoc.text.join(['text1','text2',…​], delimiter)

join the given strings with the given delimiter.

apoc.text.format(text,[params])

sprintf format the string with the params given

apoc.text.lpad(text,count,delim)

left pad the string to the given width

apoc.text.rpad(text,count,delim)

right pad the string to the given width

apoc.data.domain(email_or_url)

returns domain part of the value

apoc.text.random(length, [valid])

returns a random string to the specified length

apoc.text.capitalize(text)

capitalise the first letter of the word

apoc.text.capitalizeAll(text)

capitalise the first letter of every word in the text

apoc.text.decapitalize(text)

decapitalize the first letter of the word

apoc.text.apoc.text.decapitalizeAll(text)

decapitalize the first letter of all words

apoc.text.swapCase(text)

Swap the case of a string

apoc.text.camelCase(text)

Convert a string to camelCase

apoc.text.upperCamelCase(text)

Convert a string to UpperCamelCase

apoc.text.snakeCase(text)

Convert a string to snake-case

apoc.text.toUpperCase(text)

Convert a string to UPPER_CASE

Phonetic Comparison Functions

apoc.text.phonetic(value)

Compute the US_ENGLISH phonetic soundex encoding of all words of the text value which can be a single string or a list of strings

apoc.text.clean(text)

strip the given string of everything except alpha numeric characters and convert it to lower case.

apoc.text.compareCleaned(text1, text2)

compare the given strings stripped of everything except alpha numeric characters converted to lower case.

Table 8. Procedure

apoc.text.phoneticDelta(text1, text2) yield phonetic1, phonetic2, delta

Compute the US_ENGLISH soundex character difference between two given strings

Utilities

apoc.util.sha1([values])

computes the sha1 of the concatenation of all string values of the list

apoc.util.md5([values])

computes the md5 of the concatenation of all string values of the list

apoc.util.sleep({duration})

sleeps for <duration> millis, transaction termination is honored

apoc.util.validate(predicate, message,[params])

raises exception if prediate evaluates to true

Config

apoc.config.list

Lists the Neo4j configuration as key,value table

apoc.config.map

Lists the Neo4j configuration as map

Time to Live (TTL)

Enable TTL with setting in neo4j.conf : apoc.ttl.enabled=true

There are some convenience procedures to expire nodes.

You can also do it yourself by running

SET n:TTL
SET n.ttl = timestamp() + 3600

CALL apoc.date.expire.in(node,time,'time-unit')

expire node in given time-delta by setting :TTL label and ttl property

CALL apoc.date.expire(node,time,'time-unit')

expire node at given time by setting :TTL label and ttl property

Optionally set apoc.ttl.schedule=5 as repeat frequency.

Date/time Support

(thanks @tkroman)

Conversion Functions between formatted dates and timestamps

apoc.date.parse('2015/03/25 03:15:59',['ms'/'s'], ['yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss'])

same as previous, but accepts custom datetime format

apoc.date.format(12345, ['ms'/'s'], ['yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss'])

the same as previous, but accepts custom datetime format

apoc.date.systemTimezone()

return the system timezone display format string

  • possible unit values: ms,s,m,h,d and their long forms millis,milliseconds,seconds,minutes,hours,days.

  • possible time zone values: Either an abbreviation such as PST, a full name such as America/Los_Angeles, or a custom ID such as GMT-8:00. Full names are recommended. You can view a list of full names in this Wikipedia page.

Conversion of timestamps between different time units

  • apoc.date.convert(12345, 'ms', 'd') convert a timestamp in one time unit into one of a different time unit

  • possible unit values: ms,s,m,h,d and their long forms.

Adding/subtracting time unit values to timestamps

  • apoc.date.add(12345, 'ms', -365, 'd') given a timestamp in one time unit, adds a value of the specified time unit

  • possible unit values: ms,s,m,h,d and their long forms.

Reading separate datetime fields

Splits date (optionally, using given custom format) into fields returning a map from field name to its value.

  • apoc.date.fields('2015-03-25 03:15:59')

Current timestamp

apoc.date.currentTimestamp() provides the System.currentTimeMillis which is current throughout transaction execution compared to Cypher’s timestamp() function which does not update within a transaction

Bitwise operations

Provides a wrapper around the java bitwise operations.

apoc.bitwise.op(a long, "operation", b long ) as <identifier>

examples

operator

name

example

result

a & b

AND

apoc.bitwise.op(60,"&",13)

12

a | b

OR

apoc.bitwise.op(60,"|",13)

61

a ^ b

XOR

apoc.bitwise.op(60,"&",13)

49

~a

NOT

apoc.bitwise.op(60,"&",0)

-61

a << b

LEFT SHIFT

apoc.bitwise.op(60,"<<",2)

240

a >> b

RIGHT SHIFT

apoc.bitwise.op(60,">>",2)

15

a >>> b

UNSIGNED RIGHT SHIFT

apoc.bitwise.op(60,">>>",2)

15

Path Expander

(thanks @keesvegter)

The apoc.path.expand procedure makes it possible to do variable length path traversals where you can specify the direction of the relationship per relationship type and a list of Label names which act as a "whitelist" or a "blacklist" or define end nodes for the expansion. The procedure will return a list of Paths in a variable name called "path".

call apoc.path.expand(startNode <id>|Node, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, minDepth, maxDepth ) yield path as <identifier>

expand from given nodes(s) taking the provided restrictions into account

Variations allow more configurable expansions, and expansions for more specific use cases:

call apoc.path.expandConfig(startNode <id>Node/list, {minLevel, maxLevel, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, bfs:true, uniqueness:'RELATIONSHIP_PATH', filterStartNode:true, limit, optional:false}) yield path

expand from given nodes(s) taking the provided restrictions into account

call apoc.path.subgraphNodes(startNode <id>Node/list, {maxLevel, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, bfs:true, filterStartNode:true, limit, optional:false}) yield node

expand a subgraph from given nodes(s) taking the provided restrictions into account; returns all nodes in the subgraph

call apoc.path.subgraphAll(startNode <id>Node/list, {maxLevel, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, bfs:true, filterStartNode:true, limit}) yield nodes, relationships

expand a subgraph from given nodes(s) taking the provided restrictions into account; returns the collection of subgraph nodes, and the collection of all relationships within the subgraph

call apoc.path.spanningTree(startNode <id>Node/list, {maxLevel, relationshipFilter, labelFilter, bfs:true, filterStartNode:true, limit, optional:false}) yield path

expand a spanning tree from given nodes(s) taking the provided restrictions into account; the paths returned collectively form a spanning tree

Relationship Filter

Syntax: [<]RELATIONSHIP_TYPE1[>]|[<]RELATIONSHIP_TYPE2[>]|…​

input type direction

LIKES>

LIKES

OUTGOING

<FOLLOWS

FOLLOWS

INCOMING

KNOWS

KNOWS

BOTH

Label Filter

Syntax: [+-/>]LABEL1|LABEL2|…​

As of APOC 3.1.3.x multiple label filter operations are allowed.

In prior versions, only one type of operation is allowed in the label filter (+ or - or / or >, never more than one).

With APOC 3.2.x.x, label filters will no longer apply to starting nodes of the expansion by default.

input label result

-Foe

Foe

blacklist filter - No node in the path will have a label in the blacklist.

+Friend

Friend

whitelist filter - All nodes in the path must have a label in the whitelist (exempting termination and end nodes, if using those filters).

If no whitelist operator is present, all labels are considered whitelisted.

/Friend

Friend

termination filter - Only return paths up to a node of the given labels, and stop further expansion beyond it.

Termination nodes do not have to respect the whitelist. Termination filtering takes precedence over end node filtering.

>Friend

Friend

end node filter - Only return paths up to a node of the given labels, but continue expansion to match on end nodes beyond it.

End nodes do not have to respect the whitelist to be returned, but expansion beyond them is only allowed if the node has a label in the whitelist.

Uniqueness

Uniqueness of nodes and relationships guides the expansion and the returned results. Uniqueness is only configurable using expandConfig().

subgraphNodes(), subgraphAll(), and spanningTree() all use 'NODE_GLOBAL' uniqueness.

value description

RELATIONSHIP_PATH

For each returned node there’s a (relationship wise) unique path from the start node to it. This is Cypher’s default expansion mode.

NODE_GLOBAL

A node cannot be traversed more than once. This is what the legacy traversal framework does.

NODE_LEVEL

Entities on the same level are guaranteed to be unique.

NODE_PATH

For each returned node there’s a unique path from the start node to it.

NODE_RECENT

This is like NODE_GLOBAL, but only guarantees uniqueness among the most recent visited nodes, with a configurable count. Traversing a huge graph is quite memory intensive in that it keeps track of all the nodes it has visited. For huge graphs a traverser can hog all the memory in the JVM, causing OutOfMemoryError. Together with this Uniqueness you can supply a count, which is the number of most recent visited nodes. This can cause a node to be visited more than once, but scales infinitely.

RELATIONSHIP_GLOBAL

A relationship cannot be traversed more than once, whereas nodes can.

RELATIONSHIP_LEVEL

Entities on the same level are guaranteed to be unique.

RELATIONSHIP_RECENT

Same as for NODE_RECENT, but for relationships.

NONE

No restriction (the user will have to manage it)

Utility to find nodes in parallel (if possible). These procedures return a single list of nodes or a list of 'reduced' records with node id, labels, and the properties where the search was executed upon.

call apoc.search.node(labelPropertyMap, searchType, search ) yield node

A distinct set of Nodes will be returned.

call apoc.search.nodeAll(labelPropertyMap, searchType, search ) yield node

All the found Nodes will be returned.

call apoc.search.nodeReduced(labelPropertyMap, searchType, search ) yield id, labels, values

A merged set of 'minimal' Node information will be returned. One record per node (-id).

call apoc.search.nodeAllReduced(labelPropertyMap, searchType, search ) yield id, labels, values

All the found 'minimal' Node information will be returned. One record per label and property.

labelPropertyMap

'{ label1 : "propertyOne", label2 :["propOne","propTwo"] }'

(JSON or Map) For every Label-Property combination a search will be executed in parallel (if possible): Label1.propertyOne, label2.propOne and label2.propTwo.

searchType

'exact' or 'contains' or 'starts with' or 'ends with'

Case insensitive string search operators

searchType

"<", ">", "=", "<>", "⇐", ">=", "=~"

Operators

search

'Keanu'

The actual search term (string, number, etc).

example
CALL apoc.search.nodeAll('{Person: "name",Movie: ["title","tagline"]}','contains','her') YIELD node AS n RETURN n
call apoc.search.nodeReduced({Person: 'born', Movie: ['released']},'>',2000) yield id, labels, properties RETURN *

Graph Algorithms (work in progress)

Provides some graph algorithms (not very optimized yet)

apoc.algo.dijkstra(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 'distance') YIELD path, weight

run dijkstra with relationship property name as cost function

apoc.algo.dijkstraWithDefaultWeight(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 'distance', 10) YIELD path, weight

run dijkstra with relationship property name as cost function and a default weight if the property does not exist

apoc.algo.aStar(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 'distance','lat','lon') YIELD path, weight

run A* with relationship property name as cost function

apoc.algo.aStar(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', {weight:'dist',default:10, x:'lon',y:'lat'}) YIELD path, weight

run A* with relationship property name as cost function

apoc.algo.allSimplePaths(startNode, endNode, 'KNOWS|<WORKS_WITH|IS_MANAGER_OF>', 5) YIELD path, weight

run allSimplePaths with relationships given and maxNodes

apoc.stats.degrees(relTypesDirections) yield type, direction, total, min, max, mean, p50, p75, p90, p95, p99, p999

compute degree distribution in parallel

apoc.algo.betweenness(['TYPE',…​],nodes,BOTH) YIELD node, score

calculate betweenness centrality for given nodes

apoc.algo.closeness(['TYPE',…​],nodes, INCOMING) YIELD node, score

calculate closeness centrality for given nodes

apoc.algo.cover(nodeIds) YIELD rel

return relationships between this set of nodes

apoc.algo.pageRank(nodes) YIELD node, score

calculates page rank for given nodes

apoc.algo.pageRankWithConfig(nodes,{iterations:_,types:_}) YIELD node, score

calculates page rank for given nodes

apoc.algo.community(times,labels,partitionKey,type,direction,weightKey,batchSize)

simple label propagation kernel

apoc.algo.cliques(minSize) YIELD clique

search the graph and return all maximal cliques at least at large as the minimum size argument.

apoc.algo.cliquesWithNode(startNode, minSize) YIELD clique

search the graph and return all maximal cliques that are at least as large than the minimum size argument and contain this node

apoc.algo.cosineSimilarity([vector1], [vector2])

Compute cosine similarity

apoc.algo.euclideanDistance([vector1], [vector2])

Compute Euclidean distance

apoc.algo.euclideanSimilarity([vector1], [vector2])

Compute Euclidean similarity

Example: find the weighted shortest path based on relationship property d from A to B following just :ROAD relationships

MATCH (from:Loc{name:'A'}), (to:Loc{name:'D'})
CALL apoc.algo.dijkstra(from, to, 'ROAD', 'd') yield path as path, weight as weight
RETURN path, weight

Performance Tests

Import and Export to Cypher

Refers to the issue #439 we documented some performance tests of export and import of a big graph into Cypher format file. For the test we used a server with this characteristics:

  • 6 cores

  • Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-1650 v2 @ 3.50GHz

  • 128 GB of RAM

Neo4j configuration
  • dbms.memory.heap.initial_size=8192m

  • dbms.memory.heap.max_size=8192m

  • dbms.memory.pagecache.size=4g

They have not be noticed significative difference with 4 GB of heap memory.

Graph info
  • total nodes 3.158.994

  • total relationships 16.800.936

Download here LDBC SF1

Script to execute all the tests

We created a script that execute all the tests explained below, you can run it like in this example:

./performanceCypherTest.sh 'neo4jHome' 'userName' 'password' 'address'

the address parameter is optional, the default address is : bolt://localhost:7687 If you use the LDBC SF1 graph, or another big one is better to change the open files allowed from the default 1024 at last to 40.000.

Export all

Batch size

With the use of the config param batchSize we done some tests with different batch size. The default value is 20000.

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword
"call apoc.export.cypher.all('yourPath/exportAll', {format:'neo4j-shell', batchSize: 10000})"
Results
Default 20.000
real 1m52.744s
user 0m0.936s
sys 0m0.064s
Batch size 10.000
real    1m50.715s
user    0m0.932s
sys     0m0.076s
Batch size 1.000
real    1m49.577s
user    0m0.888s
sys     0m0.120s
Batch size 100
real    1m51.297s
user    0m0.928s
sys     0m0.088s

Different output formats

We try the different output formats, changing the config parameter format.

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword  
"call apoc.export.cypher.all('yourPath/exportData.cypher', {format:'neo4j-shell'})"
Results
neo4j-shell
real    1m49.268s
user    0m0.904s
sys     0m0.072s
cypher-shell
real    1m55.089s
user    0m0.892s
sys     0m0.092s
plain
real    1m54.490s
user    0m0.932s
sys     0m0.076s

Many files (separateFiles config)

With the param separateFiles (default false) we can export our graph or part of it, in different files. In the example below we name the exported file exportAll.cypher so our export will be:

  • exportAll.cleanup.cypher

  • exportAll.nodes.cypher

  • exportAll.relationships.cypher

  • exportAll.schema.cypher

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword  
"call apoc.export.cypher.all('yourPath/exportAll.cypher', {format:'neo4j-shell',separateFiles:true})"
Result
real 1m55.229s
user 0m0.960s
sys  0m0.084s

Export from query

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword
"call apoc.export.cypher.query('MATCH (n) OPTIONAL MATCH p = (n)-[r]-(m) RETURN n,r,m',
'yourPath/exportQuery.cypher', {format:'neo4j-shell', batchSize: 10000})"

Result

real    3m34.924s
user    0m0.992s
sys     0m0.068s

Export from given nodes and rels

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword  "Match (n:Person)-[r:LIKES_COMMENT]->(c:Comment)
with collect(n) as colN, collect(c) as colC, collect(r) as colR
CALL apoc.export.cypher.data(colN+colC,colR, 'yourPath/exportData.cypher',{format:'plain'}) YIELD nodes, relationships
RETURN nodes, relationships"

Result

real    2m30.576s
user    0m6.264s
sys     0m0.372s

Export from graph object

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword "CALL apoc.graph.fromDB('test',{})
yield graph CALL apoc.export.cypher.graph(graph, 'yourPath/exportGraph.cypher',null)
YIELD nodes, relationships
RETURN nodes, relationships"

Result

no config options
real    4m50.006s
user    17m26.149s
sys     0m13.145s
cypher shell
real    5m6.467s
user    19m14.328s
sys     0m11.821s
batch size 1.000
real    4m57.598s
user    17m26.557s
sys     0m13.465s

Import Schema file

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword
"call apoc.cypher.runSchemaFile('yourPath/exportPlain.schema.cypher')"

Result

real    0m0.683s
user    0m0.896s
sys     0m0.092s

Import from file

runFile

The runFile procedure takes much time to import from files like the ones we’ve generated before. These file has more than 19.000.000 rows. It was created an issue about this #500.

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword
"call apoc.cypher.runFile('yourPath/import/exportPlain.cypher')"

With this command we import not more than 10/15 nodes per second.

Import cypher-shell

time ./cypher-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword
< 'yourPath/import/exportCypherShell.cypher'
> 'yourPath/cypherShellOutput'
Result
real    890m38.003s
user    43m34.935s
sys     23m10.951s
  • imported nodes 3.158.994

  • imported relationships 16.800.936

Import neo4j-shell

time ./neo4j-shell -u yourUsername -p yourPassword -file
< 'yourPath/import/exportNeo4jShell.cypher'
> 'yourPath/neo4jShellOutput'

We tried to import the DB via neo4j-shell, but after 24 hours it was still uploading. We tried with a subset of the graph :

  • 130.000 nodes

  • 500.000 relationships

The result is that neo4j-shell is 7 times slower than the cypher-shell.

Result

Cypher-shell

real    14m43.923s
user    1m1.448s
sys     0m48.556s

Neo4j-shell

real    98m54.617s
user    21m5.140s
sys     37m35.852s

Import and Export to GraphML

Refers to the issue #440 we documented some performance tests of export and import of a big graph into GraphML format.

Script to execute all the tests

We created a script that execute all the tests explained below, you can run it like in this example:

./performanceGraphmlTest.sh 'neo4jHome' 'userName' 'password' 'address'

Export all

call apoc.export.graphml.all('yourPath/exportAll.graphml',null)

Results

no configuration params
real    1m25.530s
user    0m0.968s
sys     0m0.068s
useTypes
real    1m53.521s
user    0m0.908s
sys     0m0.096s
storeNodeIds
real    1m26.898s
user    0m0.900s
sys     0m0.096s
readLabels
real    1m30.592s
user    0m0.916s
sys     0m0.116s
defaultRelationshipType
real    1m30.829s
user    0m0.928s
sys     0m0.068s
Full config
call apoc.export.graphml.all('yourPath/exportAll.graphml',{storeNodeIds:true, readLabels:true, useTypes:true, defaultRelationshipType:'RELATED'})

Export GraphML from query

call apoc.export.graphml.query(
'MATCH (n) OPTIONAL MATCH p = (n)-[r]-(m) RETURN n,r,m',
 'yourPath/exportQuery.graphml', {useTypes:true})

Results

no config
real    3m2.257s
user    0m0.972s
sys     0m0.084s
useTypes
real    3m15.295s
user    0m0.860s
sys     0m0.132s

Export GraphML from Graph object

CALL apoc.graph.fromDB('test',{}) yield graph
CALL apoc.export.graphml.graph(graph, 'yourPath/exportGraph.graphml',null)
YIELD nodes, relationships, properties, file, source,format, time
RETURN *

Results

no config params
real    4m12.586s
user    15m27.490s
sys     0m20.609s
useTypes
real    4m44.876s
user    16m46.379s
sys     0m13.421s

Export GraphML from given nodes and rels

MATCH (n:Person)-[r:LIKES_COMMENT]->(c:Comment)
WITH collect(n) as colN, collect(c) as colC, collect(r) as colR
CALL apoc.export.cypher.data(colN+colC,colR, 'yourPath/exportData.graphml',{useTypes:true})
YIELD nodes, relationships
RETURN 'none'

Results

no config params
real    3m54.067s
user    0m6.648s
sys     0m0.496s
useTypes
real    4m29.370s
user    0m6.676s
sys     0m0.436s

Import GraphML

Test of import in a blank database of the export files created before

Only batch size as parameter
call apoc.import.graphml('yourPath/exportAll.graphml',{batchSize: 10000})
real    6m50.497s
user    0m1.032s
sys     0m0.084s
file source format nodes relationships properties time rows

'yourPath/exportAll.graphml'

"file"

"graphml"

3158994

16800936

42538498

409761

0

Like we can see from the output we have the same number of nodes and relationship.

With parameters
"call apoc.import.graphml('yourPath/exportAllConfig.graphml',
{batchSize: 10000, readLabels: true, storeNodeIds: false, defaultRelationshipType:'RELATED'})
real    6m44.330s
user    0m0.976s
sys     0m0.100s
file source format nodes relationships properties time rows

'yourPath/exportAll.graphml'

"file"

"graphml"

3158994

16800936

22578568

403615

0

Import on Gephi

We tried to import a subset of the graph on Gephi :

  • 25.000 nodes

  • 1.000.000 relationships

  • 153.000 properties

import gephi

The file has been imported in few seconds.

Import on yEd

With the same subset we tried to import it on yEd. The export file has to convert into UTF-8.

import yed